Home – Home – Jornals – Advanced Search

It is found that the problem of boundary layer stability with a diffusion flame under the conditions of a constant molecular weight over the boundary layer in the inviscid approximation and in the Dunn-Lin approximation with identical Schmidt numbers can be reduced to a similar problem for a single-component gas. Approximately, this conclusion is also valid for different Schmidt numbers. Calculations of the steady-state parameters of the boundary layer show that there are two generalized inflection points testifying to a necessary condition of the “inviscid” Rayleigh instability. Simulations show that the boundary layer with a diffusion flame is most unstable to two-dimensional disturbances. As the frequency is increased, the phase velocity of the growing wave tends to the value at the generalized inflection point. Despite sufficiently large growth rates, the degree of spatial enhancement of the wave is equal with high accuracy to the ratio of the time degree of enhancement to the group velocity.

This paper describes an experimental study of the operation parameters of a gas-dynamic pressure source with explosive initiation, in which black powder is used as a damping layer.

The enthalpy of formation, density, energy and detonation parameters of hypothetical zwitterionic nitrohydrazine H₃N+N-NO₂ were evaluated. The obtained probable values of the enthalpy of formation (-20 kJ/mol), density (1.90 g/cm³), and detonation velocity (9.4-9.8 km/s) of nitrohydrazine allow it to be considered as a promising energetic compound that justifies efforts to find ways to synthesize it.

Burning of a high-energy paste-like propellant aimed at creating engines with a burning end surface is studied. Specific features determining the burning rate, characteristics of the agglomeration process, and surface layer properties are found. It is demonstrated that these features are similar to those observed for solid propellants based on an active binder with a linear polymer. Possible aspects of improvement of propellants of this type are determined.

This paper describes the method and results of an experimental study of unsteady burning rate of high-energy materials containing metal powder additives under depressurization at a rate of 140-160 MPa/s. A method based on stating and solving the inverse problem of internal ballistics is used to determine the unsteady burning rate. The studies are carried out for high-energy materials, including energy additives in the form of metal powders (ASD-4, ASD-6, and Alex aluminum), aluminum diboride, and dodecaboride. It is shown by analyzing the results of the study that the unsteady burning rate of high-energy materials under sharp depressurization is oscillatory and depends on energy additive type.

The inventory of implemented investment projects was used as the basis for compiling a small-scale map to display the main features of industrial and transport development of the territory of post-Soviet Russia. An exceptional territorial differentiation of industrial construction is revealed, which implies primarily its overconcentration in Moscow oblast as well as in the north-west (St. Petersburg and Leningrad oblast). The northern and eastern regions of the country are characterized by focal industrial development and the dominance of mining enterprises. In Asian Russia, large-scale industrial construction is allocated to Kuzbass, and Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, but the “density” of development is small. In many areas, new enterprises are similar in their specialization to the economic profile of a given area. Signs of territorial-production integration of enterprises in the specific conditions of the Russian market are identified. The new economic conditions saw the emergence of new sectors and production facilities: development of oil and gas resources on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Caspian, Baltic, Pechora and Black Seas; gas liquefaction plants, and automobile assembly enterprises. Only a quarter of the new industrial enterprises are located in regional capitals. The dispersion of industries within separate regions is determined by the high proportion of extractive enterprises, the formation of special economic zones outside the regional centers, and by the low cost of land and labor in small towns and villages. The new “village” industry has a broad spectrum of specialization and is not limited to processing agricultural raw materials. Analysis of the structure of the new industrial construction did not reveal any signs of its ecologization. Two thirds of the new facilities refer to basic, environmentally “aggressive” sectors. Most of the newly built transport infrastructure facilities are specialized in satisfying the export requirements of the country’s economy, rather than in enhancing connectivity of its territory. Intensive construction of ports and pipelines leads to the concentration of anthropogenic pressure on the water areas and the coasts, in particular the Baltic, Black and Azov Seas. The resulting map reveals new foci and areas of change in the natural environment and its large-scale transformation.

We examine the approach to studying and forecasting promising markets of rational nature management. The relationships between higher educational institutions-centers of scientific research competences with other organizations are determined. It is found that knowledge spillovers from universities must generate stable regional networks (innovation clusters) to concentrate a significant part of markets. It is established that the most advanced innovation clusters emerged in regions with centers of potential inter-regional clusters in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and Tomsk as well as in Perm krai and Tyumen, Belgorod and Kaliningrad oblasts. Largely on the basis of data on funding of state programs, we estimated the total potential volume of the market until 2020. For estimating the proportion of the regions in it, it is assumed that it will be higher if the organizations of relevant regional cluster show a higher publication and patent activity with a large number of interactions. Moscow will concentrate more than 20 % and St. Petersburg about 10 % of the market of rational environmental management. The total volume of national products and services will make up from 0.2 to 2 % of the world market of the sphere under investigation by the year 2020; therefore, it is necessary to enhance the interactions of innovation organizations within the framework of cluster initiatives. But the main problem involves the absence of international cooperation. In fact, these efforts constitute one of the first attempts to study the sector associated with applied research of Earth sciences in Russia.

This article was prepared on the basis of on a number of Bayesian probabilistic forecasts according to the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the UN Secretariat. The aim of the research is to forecast the population dynamics in Russia, Asian countries of the CIS, now referred to Central Asia, and East Asian countries from 2015 to 2095. The main research method is multifactorial simulation modeling. Consideration is given the changes in the population size of Russia as a result of the accession of Crimea and the growth of the migration inflow from the Territory of Ukraine. The forecast relies on demographic statistics (birthrates, mortality and migration exchange) in the region’s countries from 1950 to 2015. A brief review is provided for the dynamics of the dynamics of birthrate, mortality and pure migrations for separate countries of the region from the mid-20 ^th century to 2015, and the forecast of these indicators (according to an average scenario) into 2095. Within the entire region, six forecast scenarios are considered, including the main (average) scenario. The first scenario implies the preservation (at the level of the year 2015) of the number of births in the age cohorts of females, the second scenario includes the preservation of mortality unchanged in the age cohorts of females and males, the third scenario involves a balance of migrations at the zero level, and the fourth and fifth scenarios provide a change in the number of pure migrations, with the birthrates and mortality remaining unchanged. The sixth scenario is treated as an average scenario. The population size by the end of the forecast period varies considerably with a particular scenario, but irrespective of the forecast scenario, a significant decrease in the population size is expected in Japan, China, South Korea and Russia. The largest increase in population by 2095 is forecasted for Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia and Kazakhstan.

The landscape-basin approach based on the sequential operation algorithm developed for determining potential and actual water supply of Western Siberia territories is proposed to adjust the existing assessments of water availability. The technique for estimating the water availability at the regional and sub-regional level is presented. The assessment of potential water avail ability is carried out within the boundaries of landscape provinces, whereas actual water availability is assessed for separate river basins and water management sites. Future water consumption is estimated with due regard for the current peculiarities of water use in Western Siberia regions and trends in water use efficiency, including water capacity of industrial and agricultural production as well as strategic plans for territorial development. Superposition of natural and administrative-territorial boundar ies has been achieved through the use of GIS technologies. Assessment results on the potential water availability in 83 landscape provinces of Western Siberia from 12 federal subjects of Russia are presented. Future water consumption has been assessed for the Western Barabinsk landscape province of Omsk oblast where the city of Omsk and the Omskii municipal district are lo cated. The actual water availability has been estimated for a water management site in the Tom river basin, Kemerovo oblast. The size of the Western Siberia population living in conditions of extremely low, very low and low potential water availability has been calculated. The assessment results are given in tabular form and as geoinformation-cartographic models.

The method of identifying potential areas of protected plant species with the use of geoinformation analyses is discussed in the example of one mountain territory (Tanzybei management polygon, 168 000 ha) within the Altai-Sayan ecoregion. Four altitudinal belt complexes (ABC) form the spectrum of barrier-rain mountain landscapes on the windward macroslope of Western Sayan - from mixed pine-birch forest with Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula (light-coniferous subtaiga, 300-500 m) and chern mixed forest with Abies sibirica, Pinus sibirica and Populus tremula (350-900 m) to middle-mountain perhumid taiga with Abies sibirica (900-1350 m) and subalpine sparse woodlands with Pinus sibirica and Abies sibirica (1350-1600 m). The current importance of this research is dictated by a particular significance of a specific class of barrier-rain specific ecosystems for a classification of mountain landscapes of Siberia. Field route and station-based investigations made during 1960-2015, and also materials on forest inventory were systematized in the form of regional databases on the typological composition of forests, vegetation and flora and combined with the regional geoinformation system of the Tanzybei district forestry. This provided the initial ecological-geographical basis for subsequent efforts on the compilation of analytic maps. Results were tested and verified during subsequent field route investigations. Examples of analytic maps are given. The method developed for identifying potential areas of species by using the authors’ databases on flora and vegetation, ecological-geographical approach and geoinformation analyses serves to obtain new knowledge of geographical content.