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In 2024, the head of the Ministry for the Economic Development of the Russian Far East stated: “The main challenge in the development of the Far East and the Arctic is retaining the population" (https://roscongress.org/materials/aleksey-chekunkov-v-novoy-globalnoy-sisteme-koordinat-rol-dalnego-vostoka-budet-vozrastat/). This phrase entered the vocabulary of politicians and publicists and came to mean not a ban on moving to a new place of residence, but, firstly, various ways of encouraging the local population to stay and work in their region and, secondly, preferences for those who decide to move to work and live in areas of particular importance to the state. The article reviews examples of such territories in pre-revolutionary Russia, the USSR, and the Russian Federation, the legitimacy of their status, and preferential regimes. It systematically analyzes the reasons creating two huge megaregions of special state significance - the Far East and the Russian Arctic - whose ambitious development plans require additional labor resources. The article examines the list and adequacy of measures used to “retain the population," the objective difficulties in implementing state personnel policy, and possible ways to overcome them.

Improving the energy efficiency of the constituent parts of the Russian Federation in the context of their sustainable development is fully in line with the global “green agenda " and, due to the adopted domestic regulatory documents, represents a state task. Sustainable development is subject to a number of conditions and factors, including the availability of regions’ own energy resources. Energy self-sufficiency in the general energy sense implies the self-sufficiency of regions not only in terms of electricity, but also in terms of other fuel and energy resources (coal, gas, oil, etc.). However, this article focuses on the issue of regional self-sufficiency in electricity. In this regard, the aim of the article is to construct typological groups of regions depending on the degree of influence on their sustainable development of such indicators as the region’s energy security and the share of energy losses in power grids. The study covers 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on data for 2022 and is based on a methodology developed by the author, which first involves assessing the country’s regions according to the analyzed indicators and then typologizing them. As a result, quantitative and qualitative parameters made it possible to form four groups of regions, differing in terms of sustainable development characteristics. In order to increase the level of sustainable development and energy efficiency of regions, authorities should adopt not typical but typological decisions for each identified group, taking into account the impact of the region’s energy self-sufficiency and energy losses on the gross regional product and gross regional product per capita. This study contributes theoretically to solving the scientific and practical problem of levelling energy imbalances in regional electricity production and consumption models. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained can be used by regional authorities in implementing energy policy in the region, and the proposed tools and mechanisms can be directly applied in their practical activities.

Today, Russia, while adapting to strategic challenges primarily related to the changing world order, is creating its own model of a sovereign national economy. One of the important considerations for achieving this goal is the development of interregional interaction within the country as a tool for fulfilling the potential of its territories. This article studies the problem of structural and technological proximity (STP) of regions as a significant factor in activating economic ties between the subjects of the Russian Federation through the example of the Kemerovo Oblast - Kuzbass. The methodological toolkit for assessing the STP of regions is tested. In order to measure it, the official data of Rosstat for 2022 were used. According to the calculations, the subjects of the Russian Federation, which currently have the strongest positions for the development of cooperation with Kuzbass, were identified. They represent the main macro-regions of the country. Within the framework of a possible partnership with the participants of this group of territories, the Kemerovo Oblast is able to act as both a supplier and a recipient of not only capital, but also knowledge and technology. The latter is especially important in the situation of reforming the resource (raw material) model of Kuzbass performance. The findings can be used to update the strategic planning documents of the Kemerovo Oblast, develop programs and projects aimed at strengthening the processes of its integration and cooperation with other Russian regions through the development of intellectual resources and capital exchange channels.

The article considers the factors of competitiveness of creative industries in Russian regions with a focus on the role of personal branding as a tool for promotion and self-fulfillment of the creative class. The subject of the study embraces the practices of creating and promoting personal brands in the conditions of digital environment and high information saturation. The aim of research is to identify the key strategies ofpersonal brand formation in the creative sector and evaluate their effectiveness to improve the competitiveness of professionals and regions as a whole. The hypothesis is analyzed that successful development of the creative economy requires not only state support, but also natural market mechanisms, including competition, networking and personal brands. The research was conducted by a survey of384 representatives of creative industries in Krasnoyarsk Krai (February-April 2024), the sample was formed by river-sample technology. The respondents represented such spheres as art industry, design, music, theater, cinema, education, media and others, according to the UNESCO classification and the Concept of Creative Industries Development in Russia. The results showed that 42.6% of the participants are purposefully working on their personal brand, and another 36.4% plan to do so. Respondents consider positioning and awareness to be the main attributes of a personal brand. The most popular promotion tool was social networks (27.8%), as they correspond to the logic of the attention economy. More than a third of respondents noted a tangible effect of branding: invitations to projects, new clients, recommendations as a professional and networking. The obtained results can be used to improve the state policy of supporting creative industries, develop the methodological basis for personal branding research and improve the efficiency of professional activity in the creative sphere. The article demonstrates that personal brand is an important resource of competitiveness in the creative economy and requires further study and system support.

The prospects for scientific, technological and innovative development at the level of individual territories depend on many regional characteristics, including the size and balance of accumulated scientific and technological capabilities. The proposed approach to assessing such balance is based on the ideas of innovation and absorption capacities accumulated in a certain territory. The study proposes a typology and positioning of the RF subjects based on the comparison of the highlighted characteristics. The share of people employed in research and development in the total labor force in the region is used as an indicator of innovation capacity. Absorption capacity reflects the localization coefficient of high-tech business. Leading and follower regions are identified for 2016 and 2022. Data from Rosstat and SPARK-Interfax database were used as an empirical basis. The authors performed factor and cluster analyses on indicators describing the state of the region’s economy, its research and technological potential, human resources and digital technologies, as well as the quality of institutions in the field of innovation policy, and identified groups of similar territories. The study identified characteristics that affect the level of innovation and absorptive capacities at the regional level, contribute to their balanced combination, ensuring socio-economic growth and technological independence. These include significant expenditures on research and development, high level of digital technology development, advanced innovation policy. The structure of the economy should be relatively balanced, provide an external environment favorable for the development of new technologies and the production of innovative goods.

The article reviews over long intervals the transition that took place during the Soviet period from an expanded to a narrowed regime of reproduction of the population in Russia, which inevitably leads to depopulation, first latently, and then openly. It is shown that a widespread practice of abortion, which has significantly reduced the number of newborns for a long time, has become the most important factor contributing to the general decreasing trend in the total fertility rate below the threshold level of simple reproduction. In the early 1960s, there was a rapid increase in the number of artificial abortions, accompanied by a drop in fertility. The peak number of abortions recorded in 1965 coincided exactly with the start of the latent phase of depopulation in Russia. In the post-Soviet period, despite a considerable reduction in the number of abortions, both in absolute and relative terms, their number is still high. This has a significant impact on fertility decline, although in recent years the official statistics indicate that there is now less than one abortion for every two births. The article briefly describes the century-old history of legalized abortion in Russia. Its extremely important role in reducing fertility and depopulation in our country is revealed. The long-term and widespread abortive practices, reflecting the reluctance to procreate, systematically undermined the demographic potential and caused enormous damage to demographic security in several important areas for many decades. The authors cite the dynamics of the number of abortions per 100 births in the federal districts in the post-Soviet period, as well as the differentiation of this indicator at the level of federation subjects. The eastern territories consistently show the worst results: the Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. In recent years, the Siberian Federal District has been ranked first in the country in terms of the number of abortions per 100 births. Among the Siberian regions, the Novosibirsk Oblast stands out, which for many years has been the district leader in this indicator. It is concluded that prevention and minimization of the number of abortions while conducting a well-thought-out and balanced demographic and socio-economic policy aimed at strengthening the family as a pillar of society and improving its financial situation could become a counter-force for increasing the birth rate, especially significant in the context of a prolonged decline in the number of reproductive female populations. The results obtained during the study can be used by federal and regional authorities to make managerial decisions aimed at preventing and reducing the number of abortions, as well as in developing new demographic policy measures and improving socio-economic development strategies in order to create moral and material conditions in society favorable for birth and upbringing of children.

The problem of viscous oxide films, which prevent the full release of energy from boron powder during combustion, was overcome using graphene fluoride (fluorographene). This chemical compound was chosen due to its high fluorine content, low hydrogen content, low surface free energy, and strong thermal conductivity. Graphene fluoride reacts with boron, releasing a large amount of heat and gaseous products during combustion, effectively removing the viscous oxide film, and preventing boron agglomeration. Graphene fluoride was synthesized by shear cutting in an emulsifier, and graphene fluoride-boron composites were fabricated by solvent evaporation. Thermal analysis and heat of combustion tests showed that the prepared thin graphene fluoride layer had an average thickness of 1.56 nm. A composite of 20% graphene fluoride and boron showed a 1.86-fold increase in heat of combustion. Moreover, the addition of 20% graphene fluoride effectively improved the heat release during combustion of boron powder, making it comparable to the heat release during combustion of high-energy composites consisting of metal and boron powders.

The results of numerical modeling of cellular detonation propagation in inhomogeneous gas suspensions of aluminum particles in a hydrogen-air mixture are presented. A physical and mathematical model of hybrid detonation is used, describing chemical reactions within the framework of the given kinetics. The model takes into account homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions with the formation of suboxides or solid aluminum oxide particles, as well as phase transitions (evaporation and decomposition of the oxide) in the reaction products. The model is consistent with known experimental data and the results of thermodynamic calculations of detonation parameters and mixture composition at equilibrium. Flows in channels with transverse gradients and discontinuities in particle concentrations are considered. Various patterns of cellular structures are obtained, allowing us to consider the spatial distribution of particles as a controlling factor in detonation processes.

Experiments show that preheating the shaped charge liner improves its penetrating power. This increase is due to the increased ultimate elongation of the formed shaped charge jet due to thermal softening of its material. The possibility of heating the jet itself in free flight by thermal radiation from a tube located in front of the shaped charge, with heat generation within it caused by a chemical reaction of self-propagating high-temperature fusion, is considered. The characteristics of shaped charge jet heating by thermal radiation are investigated using an analytical solution to a one-dimensional axisymmetric problem of unsteady heat conduction for a uniformly elongating cylindrical rod. It is shown that before plastic breakdown of copper shaped charge jets occurs, they can be radiantly heated in free flight to a temperature that allows for a slight increase in the jet's penetrating power.

Impact tests of 1565 aluminum alloy in the impactor velocity range of 242-653.7 m/s revealed that at a certain impactor velocity (626 m/s), a sharp increase in particle velocity occurs in localized regions of the target. Microstructural studies of the sample revealed traces of localized deformation. Simultaneously, material is ejected from the rear surface of the target. This phenomenon correlates with the stochastic behavior of strain carriers at the mesoscopic scale-the presence of mesoparticle velocity dispersion. To account for the influence of stochasticity on shock wave propagation, a system of equations from the continuum theory of dislocations is used, which includes a dislocation velocity distribution function. It is shown that local attenuation or acceleration of the shock wave is determined by the relationship between velocity dispersion and the flow velocity of the dislocations.