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Dunham coefficients Y_mj of the H³⁶Cl molecule are calculated using previously determined mass-independent spectroscopic parameters U_mj , D _mj^A and D _mj^B . Pure rotational and vibration-rotation transitions of the (1-0), (2-0) and (3-0) bands are presented up to J _max = 25 for the first time. The comparisons of calculated line positions to observed ones for the fundamental and first overtone bands are given. The RKR potential of the H³⁶Cl molecule is retrieved.

The methodological issues of lidar measurements of the vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature up to altitudes of 90 km are considered. The method is based on the lidar measurements of the atmospheric molecular density vertical profile using the Rayleigh scattering effect. The results obtained in the upgraded channel of the Rayleigh scattering of the lidar based on the main mirror of the Siberian lidar station with a diameter of 2.2 m are discussed. An improved technique for the retrieval of temperature from molecular backscattering lidar signals is proposed. Numerical experiments have shown that the accuracy of the temperature profile retrieval depends on the choice of the position of the calibration point and the error in setting the temperature in it. The temperature profile retrieval technique, when the calibration point is chosen at the top of the sounding path, is more stable and provides a smaller error compared to calculations provided that the calibration point is chosen at the beginning of the path. The comparison of the results of temperature retrieval from the real lidar responses with the satellite measurement data revealed significant discrepancies associated with the distorting instrumental and atmospheric effects on the shape of the lidar signal. The use of a correction procedure based on the lidar calibration can significantly reduce measurement errors.

In this study, three dates of dust transport over the Black Sea are considered. During the analysis of MODIS-Aqua satellite images, probable dust pixels were determined, confirmed by field measurements of ground-based Cimel-318 photometers (AERONET station). Further, using the method of principal components (covariance analysis), the contribution of dust to the variability of the values of the spectral brightness coefficient of the sea was estimated. In the cases of dust transport, the spectral properties of the first vector are explained by the presence of an absorbing aerosol distributed over the height. The absorption effect reduces the amount of brightness reflected by the entire atmosphere in the viewing direction. In the case of a clean atmosphere, the first eigenvector has minimal errors of atmospheric correction, and all variability is due to the reflective properties of the sea water.

A comprehensive approach to assessing the state of the post-pyrogenic landscapes of the Tomsk region using satellite images and ground data is suggested. Vegetation maps, maps of vegetation indices NDVI and SWVI are constructed on the example of key sections of the Bakchar-Iks and Ob-Tom interfluves. It was found that the greatest degradation and burning of vegetation cover occurred in the pyrogenic area of the Bakchar bog. 1-2 months after the fires in the bog and in the swampy forest, NDVI decreased by 0.36 and 0.35 units, respectively. It has been established that in the third year after the fire in the Bakchar bog, phytomass increases with a change of pre-fire phytocenoses. The results of IR spectrometry indicate the highest aromatization of peat and plants of burnt areas as compared to background ones.

The article analyzes the opposition of the understanding of the mathematical proof and its formalization. It is shown that two problems are mixed in this opposition; those are the relation between mathematical logic and mathematical proof practice and the one between mathematical and formal proofs. It is demonstrated that the mathematical proof being meaningful aims at explaining, while the formal proof is meaningless and confines itself to representing the rules. The strategy of D. Macbeth, which claims to overcome the mentioned opposition, is analyzed. According to this strategy, the integral system of signs is correlated with mathematical ideas that are expressed in ordinary language and the logical reconstruction of the translation of these ideas into a series of manipulations with signs loses sight of the content of the ideas. The vulnerability of such a position is shown and instead an interpretation of the intensional content of mathematical discourse as a result of the translation of a mathematical statement into a formal system is proposed.

The article formulates the main philosophical problem of quantum mechanics - the “measurement problem”. We reveal strengths and weaknesses of C. Rovelli’s relational interpretation and QBism developed by C. Fuchs and others. In our view, these are two extremes that share the premises of modernist philosophy: the physicalist/naturalist and the subjectivist/phenomenological. We reject the notion of relative fact that both approaches resort to and propose a new viewpoint - “quantum contextual realism”, according to which quantum ontology is sensitive to context.

The article shows the evolution of the concept of state in quantum mechanics. It is marked that at the present stage of the development of quantum mechanics, its significance in the description of quantum mechanics processes minimizes. This is caused both by a great number of external characteristics of the description of a quantum object and its interaction with the environment, which are satisfactory mathematically, and by the fact that there are put forward hypotheses about its internal state, but the verification of them is impossible at the current stage of the development of science. Thus, the problem of interpreting the concept of state in quantum mechanics is not eliminated, but becomes complicated.

The article assesses specific machine learning technologies (as methods of computer realization of specific cognitive functions) in terms of the need for rational explanation of their work, reliability and efficiency, as well as related social properties (responsibility for the use of results, the threat of degeneration of human skills, etc.). The risks of introducing machine learning technologies in various types of activities and various fields are analyzed in view of whether logical transparency is a crucial criterion or not. The conclusion is made that the logical opacity of most machine learning results is a serious challenge to rational thinking and reasonable argumentation in public administration It is argued that negative consequence of the imprudent introduction of neurocomputers may be a partial or complete loss of personnel’s skills to perform routine intellectual procedures (filling in tables, arithmetic calculations, classifying information and documents into categories, self-service research for information).

The current state of biological sciences requires further development of the synthetic theory of evolution, which is generally recognized today. Most of the available critical theories have an alternative nature, since they are based on opposite, “polar” opinions. A promising philosophical and methodological approach may consist not in an opposing, but in an attempt to combine dialectical categories of biological development.

The article considers the influence of various factors on the functioning and development of scientific communities, in particular, the scientific schools of renal physiology in Novosibirsk. It is aimed to reveal the concept of bifurcation marker as a tool for assessing the functioning and development of scientific communities. The results of the study show that ups and downs in the work of scientific schools are caused by the action of a bifurcation marker - an event that determines the vector of the school’s further development. In our opinion, the following should be considered as such for the Novosibirsk schools of renal physiology: socio-economic factors; the factor of the leader’s personality; the activity of the research team; material and technical equipment; collaboration; the change in the main line of scientific activity; decrease in the size of the school staff; the change of leadership, departure of the leader. The use of the proposed tool will make it possible to analyze the significance of various factors for ensuring the functional activity and the very existence of scientific communities.