Kuzmin I.A, Tolstykh N.D.
Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia;
Keywords: Talnakh intrusion, main layered series, picritic gabbro-dolerites, inverse zoning, hybrid magma.
Norilsk-type intrusions are characterized by unique reserves, disseminated copper-nickel mineralization, which is localized in picrite and taxitic gabbro-dolerites. At the same time, if picrite and taxitic gabbro-dolerites are usually genetically separated from each other, then the mechanism of formation of picrite gabbro-dolerites themselves is still under discussion. Most often, they are considered as a cumulative part of a layered series. The work shows a sharp geochemical contact between the layered series and picrite gabbro-dolerites, in the section of which, in turn, we have identified an inverse geochemical zoning, expressed in the patterns of accumulation of petrogenic elements that do not fit into a single trend of crystallization differentiation with the rocks of the main layered series. The discreteness of rocks within the horizon of picritic gabbro-dolerites is demonstrated - two intervals are distinguished: the lower one with low chromium concentrations, with stable europium and strontium anomalies, and the upper one, which is characterized by abnormally elevated Cr2O3 contents, reduced LILE concentrations and the absence of a pronounced europium maximum, typical of the lower part of picritic gabbro-dolerites. Based on the known models of formation of inverse zonality of marginal zones of layered massifs, the article presents a new genetic scheme for the formation of picritic gabbro-dolerites as products of pulsation intrusion, which suggests that the lower part of picritic gabbro-dolerites was formed from hybrid magma, and the upper one - from primitive magma, due to pulsation filling of the formation chamber, which, in our opinion, is associated with inverse zonality and accumulation of chromium in the upper part of picritic gabbro-dolerites.
V.V. Lapkovsky, M.V. Lebedev, E.A. Ianevits 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
2OOO Tyumen Petroleum Research Center, Tyumen, Russia
3Branch of Lukoil-Engineering LLC "KogalymNIPIneft",Tyumen, Russia
Keywords: Stochastic modeling of structural uncertainties; probabilistic estimation of resources; estimation of seismic velocity anomalies, probability distribution of structural trap areas, lognormal distribution of structural trap areas
In the new paradigm of the Russian oil and gas industry, much attention is paid to small hydrocarbon fields. This statement increases the requirements for the accuracy of forecasts of total hydrocarbon reserves in small-scale anticlinal traps. Such forecasts can be made by probabilistic estimation of resources, taking into account the probabilities of the field existence. The objective of the present research is the development of the scientific approach to quantifying the uncertainties associated with the existence and geometric parameters of small-scale anticlinal hydrocarbon traps mapped by modern 3D seismic exploration. The main method of solving this problem is stochastic modeling of structural uncertainties based on errors of structural mapping. The results of the study are summarized as follows. The type and parameters of the probability functions of the structural area are determined by the intensity and size of the velocity anomalies, as well as the parameters of the trap itself and the nature of its structural environment. The distributions of the structural closure areas can be described by functions in which the Mean value is greater than the quantile P50 value, the Mean value is approximately equal to the P50 value, and the Mean value is less than the P50 value. The lognormal distribution, which is commonly used to model structural uncertainty, is just one of the possible options. For small-scale hydrocarbon traps, their amplitude is comparable to the thickness of a productive reservoir; therefore, a change in the amplitude of the trap determines a change in the weighted average oil-gas-saturated thickness. As a result of the modeling, a positive relationship was established between variations in the anticline traps areas and their amplitudes. Accordingly, this relationship must be taken into account during the probabilistic assessment of the resources of this kind of the hydrocarbon traps. Otherwise, there may be a significant reduction in the range of uncertainty in resource estimates. Stochastic modeling of structural uncertainties is also a method of estimating the probability of the existence of anticlinal traps mapped by seismic exploration.
G. I. Petrova1, E. A. Biktasheva2 1National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: philosophy of education, university code, idea of the university, logos, aesthesis, the spirit of the university, the light of ratio
Introduction. The modern university is in crisis. It is necessary to find the reason for this. The article updates the concept of “idea of the university” (J. Newman) and refers to the ancient Greek understanding of eidos (Plato). This allows us to connect the eidos (idea) of the university and the concept of the “university cod”. It makes possible to see the university essence, which manifests itself in a multitude the individual universities (of different cultures, nations). The problematic issues arise: “What is the university code? How the crisis of the university is connected with the transformation of its Idea-Code? How these concepts are connected with the life or with the disappearance of the university (including Russian ones)? Is there a possibility (necessity) to preserve the university not only in the verbal but in the essential-code also?” The specification of posed problem is connected with search for the university code and the justification of its manifestation on the national spirit of Russia. The methodology of solving for these problems is Plato’s teaching on eidos (ideas). Eidos gives birth to the objective world in the multiplisity of phenomena. This methodology allows us to find the idea (the code) of the university. The university code is something common that characterizes all universities at the same time. The code of a university is influenced by the specific the cultural national context of individual countries. Discussion. The general university code is influenced by the specific national context of cultural development. Of great importance in this process is the nature of the cultural relationship between the structures of logos and esthesis. The article substantiates the specifics of the Russian university’s code by the role of aesthetics in Russian culture. Conclusion. The issue of preserving the university’s code is being raised. It is proposed to further discuss specific issues related to the combination of two components at the university: the “light of reason” (logos) and the “spirit of the university” (estesis). It is concluded that it is necessary to store the university code. Its elimination transforms the university into another social structure (for example, into an economic corporation).
In botanical gardens, as points of primary intentional introduction, it is necessary to carefully study the tendency for naturalization of cultivated plants, and to conduct a preliminary assessment of their degree of invasiveness. The study analyzed chorological, biological and ecological peculiarities of introduced species of the medicinal plant collection of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg), both absent in natural communities in the territory of the Middle Urals and adventitious. The species in this collection showed relatively low ability to naturalize. Statistically significant relationship with the ability of species to naturalize has been established during cultivation in the subzone of the southern taiga. Such characteristics are: belonging to certain latitudinal (zonal) and longitudinal groups; the relationship of species to temperature and humidity; life form; taxonomic affiliation. Under the conditions of introduction, the impact on the ability to naturalize turned out to be statistically significant for such factors as timing of the beginning of spring regrowth, degree of winter hardiness of plants (assessed by the size of winter loss), the intensity of their seed and vegetative reproduction. The analysis carried out may be useful for forecasting and managing risks associated with the processes of naturalization and invasion of species into natural communities.
I.A. BELOZERTSEVA1,2, I.B. VOROBYEVA1, N.V. VLASOVA1 1V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2V.M. Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: surface waters, snow, soils, vegetation, technogenesis, recreation
The article presents the results of the research carried out on the basis of field and desktop analytical studies conducted in 2024 on the southwestern shore of Lake Baikal. Samples of snow, surface waters, soil and vegetation were collected at key sites. Geochemical parameters of the main components of the natural environment near the settling tanks, industrial site of the BPPM, and coastal settlements with a high recreational load are presented. It was found that the content of heavy and alkaline earth metals, SO42- , NO3- , NH4+ , PO43- ions in snow near the village of Kultuk and the towns of Slyudyanka and Baikalsk exceeded background values; concentrations of NH4+ , Pb and petroleum products in snow water exceeded the MAC and APC. The main sources of pollution are construction and road enterprises, thermal power plants, boiler houses, railway and automobile transport, waste landfills, and settling tanks. The sources of surface water pollution with phosphates and ammonium are housing and communal service facilities. Soil pollution with heavy metals has been detected in the recreational and industrial zones located on the lake shore. Regional features of correlations between the concentrations of macro- and microelements in soils and the hydrogen index, organic carbon content, and physical clay fraction have been identified, which indicates the presence of biogeochemical barriers where they accumulate in concentrations above the MAC. The biological absorption coefficient showed a dependence on acid-alkali conditions. The coefficient of migration of microelements into surface waters from soils is low. However, in the coastal waters of the lake, concentrations of heavy metals exceed the MAC for fishery waters due to their large amount in soils. Macroelements have a higher migration intensity. It has been established that, the concentrations of fluorides, phosphates, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen exceed the background levels in the waters of the settling tank, the estuary zones of the Khara-Murino, Kharlakta, Utulik rivers and in the coastal waters of the lake near Baikalsk, Utulik, Slyudyanka and Kultuk.
B.I. KOCHUROV1, V.B. KOROBOV2, A.S. LOKHOV2 1Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: system paradigm, components, hierarchy, directed graph, landscape structure, cybernetics
In the 1960s and 1970s, Academician Viktor Borisovich Sochava developed a theory of geographical systems, which marked the beginning of a new direction in the Earth science. Over the past 60 years, the scientific worldview has significantly changed. These changes have also affected the theory of geosystems. The authors have studied the development paths of the theory of geosystems. It has been concluded that the main provisions of this theory are conceptually relevant today. It is shown that a number of ways of development of the theory of geosystems were laid down by V.B. Sochava at the very beginning of this theory development. The creation of a unified theory about the hierarchical structural and functional basis of natural systems is practically recognized, which makes it possible to organize environmental management in such a way that it is adapted to the natural territory organization as a unified, sustainable functioning system. The article considers some directions of further development of the theory of geosystems, such as the functioning of natural complexes in the presence of weak connections between components and the application of the graph theory to study internal and external interactions. An effective method for studying geosystems is fractal analysis, which enables to relate the density and distribution of natural and anthropogenic components and elements with their stability and self-regulation.
V.I. BLANUTSA
V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: human geography, tactile communication, circular delay, domain placement, regional information flow, territorial adaptation
According to forecasts, the deployment of the Tactile Internet based on the sixth-generation telecommunication network will begin in the next decade. To achieve this, it is necessary to ensure ultrareliable and minimal-latency transmission of not only traditional data (text, audio, video), but also tactile sensations (touch, pressure, vibration, roughness, etc.). For this purpose, an architecture consisting of three domains has already been developed, and devices for reading tactile sensations, converting them into digital recording and remote playback are being improved. However, there is not a single work in the world science on the possible socio-geographical consequences of the tactile communication deployment. This study defines the contours of future directions of the geographical study of the Tactile Internet based on a comparison of the methodological capabilities of human geography with the specifics of tactile data transmission over a telecommunication network. Using the author’s semantic search algorithm, which is an iterative machine learning system, the necessary publications have been selected in domestic and international bibliographic databases. Their analysis made it possible to identify the key parameters of the Tactile Internet and assess the level of geographical knowledge of the problem under consideration. It has been established that the lack of geographical research on tactile communication can be compensated to some extent by the human-geographical study of the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and 5G/6G wireless communications. Five promising scientific directions have been identified, which are conventionally called remotely delayed, spatial domain, regional streaming, boundary computing and territorial adaptive. The stages of development for each direction are highlighted and priority research questions are formulated. Possible fields of application of the results of the geographical study of the Tactile Internet are given.
S.M. SIVAND1, B. DURIN2, D. DOGANCIC3, A. AFRASIABIAN4 1Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2University North, Varazdin, Croatia 3University of Zagreb, Varazdin, Croatia 4Graz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Graz, Austria
Keywords: karst, water resources, carbonate formations, groundwater, freshwater demand, karst hydrogeology
The fractured karstified rocks covering more than 90 % of the territory of the Zagros Range (Iran), which makes well-developed karst aquifers the main hydrogeological characteristic of the range, are investigated. It is shown that the increased demand for freshwater has led to the need for new studies of karst waters in the Zagros region. It is revealed that the presence of surface and subsurface karst features and strong discharge from springs feeding the alluvial aquifer make the Iranian Zagros Range a unique hydrogeological region. It is established that the primary porosity of limestone and intensive fracturing caused by tectonic activity facilitate the groundwater flow in karst areas. It is concluded that the study of the karst hydrogeology features in Zagros will lead to a better understanding of karst aquifers overall and help to overcome the problem of drinking water shortage in the region. The accurate and complete data on the number of wells, springs and extraction sites, as well as the volume of water extracted from these reservoirs, are necessary to ensure the protection and preservation of these resources.
E.P. BAZAROVA1, O.I. KADEBSKAYA2, E.A. TSURIKHIN3, A.M. KONONOV4 1Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 2Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia 3Ural Branch of the Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Ekaterinburg, Russia 4Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: cave, minerals, groundwater, isotopy, Gissar Range
The morphology, chemical and isotopic composition of mineral deposits of three caves in the high-mountain region of the Surkhantau Range, located in the southeast of Uzbekistan, have been studied for the first time. The range is part of the southwestern spurs of the Gissar Range, which belongs to the Gissar-Alai mountain system of the Southern Tien Shan. Four types of mineral deposits have been identified in the caves under consideration, the most significant of which are water-chemogenic formations. These deposits, morphologically represented by aggregates of gravitational, subaqueous, corallite-crystallictite crusts, cave powder and fibrous formations, are composed mainly of calcite with inclusions of fluorapatite, barite, magnetite, goethite, rutile, plagioclase, epidote and quartz. The deposits from the entrance part of the Vishnevsky Cave are distinguished by an increase in d13С with almost identical d18О values, which indicates negative temperatures. The data on the composition of groundwater are presented, and the conditions of their formation during speleolithogenesis are described based on hydrogeochemical and isotope studies. The isotopic composition of karst waters is indicative of the predominance of winter snow feeding. Large calcite aggregates and a thick layer of loose sediments in underground cavities provide evidence of the formation of caves in warm and humid climates by abundant watercourses with a feeding area in non-karst sandstones, which are currently almost destroyed by erosion. At present, the development of underground cavities continues in the bottom parts due to the activity of groundwater and in the entrance parts due to landslide processes.
The article presents methodological guidelines for assessing the territory of the Lori region of the Republic of Armenia based on the results of the analysis of the tourism potential of its natural resources. The assessment methodology based on scientific data uses a scoring system that allows taking into account natural resources reserves. The features of applying methodological tools for obtaining an integral assessment of the region’s tourism potential are considered. The study area was fragmented into a network of square-shaped operational territorial cells. After that, centroids were calculated for each square, to which the calculated scores corresponding to the selected criteria were attached. On this basis, further analysis and mapping were carried out using the Spatial Analyst Tools set. When assessing and mapping the tourism potential of the natural resources of the Lori region, the ArcMap 10.8 tools were used. A multifunctional method for a generalized assessment of all the selected components of natural conditions and resources is proposed. It is shown that the method makes it possible to form an idea of the natural resource reserves of the Lori region and to determine the fundamental areas of tourism activity. The main attention is focused on the description of the development of standards for the selected assessment criteria; the scoring system was analyzed. It is recommended to use this method for those regions tourism potential of which has not previously been analyzed and assessed.
