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The chemical composition of rocks of the Murzinka-Adui metamorphic complex and the Murzinka granite pluton, a reference interformational granite pluton in the Urals, is considered. A detailed comparative analysis of ancient gneisses and related granite veins included an isotope-geochemical study of zircons from both groups of rocks. Zircons are subdivided into seven age groups (I, 1588 ± 20 Ma; II, 1060 ± 28 Ma; III, 530 ± 11 Ma; IV, 380 ± 6 Ma; V, 330 ± 9 Ma; VI, 276 ± 3 Ma; and VII, 260 ± 3 Ma). The first four groups are apparently zircons from gneisses, reworked to different extents, and the other three groups are zircons crystallized during granite genesis. The gneisses and most of the granite samples contain zircons of all the above age populations, which is evidence of trapping zircons from gneisses by granite melts, on the one hand, and the occurrence of «granite-derived» zircons in gneisses, on the other. The granitoids and gneisses of all types differ considerably in geochemical features. The behavior of trace elements and the Rb-Sr ages indicate that the formation of granites of the Murzinka massif was a discrete episode of magmatic activity. The Sr isotope ratios in the granites and gneisses indicate different degrees of the mantle-crust interaction and the participation of the material of the crystalline basement and newly formed crust in their formation.

The study objective is to identify political, legal and socio-economic components of the post-war campaign aimed by the state at combating embezzlements of socialist property, as well as to assess the specifics of its implementation in the context of the mobilization economic model. The post-war period was marked by the growing number of thefts of socialist property, which were fixed in different social strata and professional groups of the Soviet society differing in the volume of the stolen and motivation of the committed act. The analysis of the social specificity of the campaign against embezzlements of the socialist property allows us to conclude on the inequality of sanctions against the Soviet society’s different groups. The campaign was aimed against the country’s ordinary people and led to strengthening control and introducing criminal sanctions against citizens. The task of eradicating thefts in the higher echelons of power was not set in the post-war years (although bodies focused on this task were created). The activities of the Ministry of State Control of the USSR to identify thefts in the ranks of the Soviet party and economic elite had a purpose to scare the nomenclature who wanted to live for their own pleasure after the war. The campaign’s intensity decreased in 1948, which manifested in lower number of people convicted for thefts and reducing the powers of organizations that controlled the financial and economic activities of ministries and departments. Taking into account the campaign socio-political specifics, it should be considered as a tool of mobilization economic model aimed at the post-war reconstruction of the Soviet national economy ravaged by the war.

The article subject is problems of mortality due external causes in Russia. The author presents results of reconstruction of its dynamics and structural characteristics in the Soviet era’s last decades. The paper objective is to examine the mortality due external causes in the villages of East Siberia as an indicator of the rural society life quality. It shows the mortality dynamics level and structure over thirty years at the end of the Soviet period; reveals features of this process in Siberia. The author explains specifics of mortality among Siberians taking into account the complex impact of natural and climatic, economic, socio-cultural factors; compares mortality processes in Siberian villages with similar ones in regional cities and villages of Russia as a whole. Based on official statistics, the article shows that the mortality from injuries in East Siberian villages developed following the all-Russian pattern. It grew throughout the whole country, but in the region’s countryside its level, dynamics and structure were of extraordinary nature. The death rate grew in the villages of the region faster than in the cities and in Russian villages in general and more than doubled in three decades. External influences ranked second in the structure of the overall mortality causes of Siberians throughout the period. The regional villages forged ahead in Russia in all types of traumatic mortality. The article provides statistics on the main classes of the most common death causes. It proves that the mortality crisis in East Siberia was more acute than anywhere in the country, and that the high mortality of Siberians was determined by both behavioral, environmental and economic factors.

The history of scientists’ cooperation between the Siberian region of Russia and the Republic of Belarus has not been covered in historiography yet. The article objective is to reconstruct the history, study the current state of international research cooperation between the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in the 1990-2000s identifying its main areas. The roots of scientific collaboration of the Siberian Branch of RAS and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus can be traced back to the mid XX century. In 1957, when the largest integrated scientific center in the USSR started to be created in Siberia, the representatives from European scientific schools, including those from the Belorussian SSR, came to work in its new institutes. Siberian scientists of the Belarusian origin working in scientific institutions of Siberia are well known to the world scientific community for their contribution to the relevant fields of knowledge, among them are geologist A.A. Trofimuk, chemist V.A. Koptyug, physical chemist V.N. Parmon. In the post-Soviet period, it was the “Belarusian vector”, that played the decisive role in restoring international cooperation with scientists from neighboring countries. The integration ties established between the Siberian and Belarusian institutions in the Soviet period since the early 1990s underwent significant changes and took on new meaning. The article analyzes the key areas of international collaboration of which the most significant part was implementing joint research projects. The author concludes that the experience gained by scientists of SB RAS and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in this sphere is unique and needs further study and synthesis. The study sources include published reports on research and organizational activities of SB RAS, materials of the SB RAS’ Presidium and press.

The authors carry out a comprehensive study of the 25-year process of forming and functioning of “The Museum of Science and Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences” based on a wide range of sources for the first time in historiography. The Museum is an important part of the diversified museum network of the Siberian Branch of RAS consisting of 37 museum-type structures within the research institutions. The paper presents funds, exposition, research and cultural and educational activities. The Museum has an extensive field-specific multidisciplinary collection including unique rare items. A significant part of the Museum collection has found its place in the exhibition built on principles of complexity, attraction, interactivity. Subjects are classified in six areas: computer science, instruments and equipment of scientific experiment, radio and communication, transport, film photography, microscopy. The main direction is “Computing” reflecting its development «from abacus to the computer» and containing seven sections: means of instrumental accounts, computers for collective use, mini-machines, microprocessor technology, analog computers, original designs of the Siberian Branch of USSR Academy of Sciences, educational and game complex “Igroteka”. The Museum develops actual innovative forms - introduces IT-technologies, interdisciplinary projects, systemic partnership, training (“Igroteka”) and recreational (“Museum night”) practices and communications representing intangible scientific heritage based on the museum activity traditional forms. The excursion program includes practices of numeration, programming and using equipment. The Museum is a base for educational practice, holds many open thematic events. “The Museum of Science and Technology SB RAS” successful activity contributes to a high level of organization the culture of life in Akademgorodok strengthening its official status as a historical attraction of regional importance.

The article considers peculiar properties of the terminology used by Spinoza when justifying the hierarchy of levels of human cognitive activity which he approved. The author analyzes grounds for Spinoza’s recognition of the advantages of intellectual intuition over the other two considered levels - imagination and reason. It is revealed that Spinoza’s attention to the individually unique as determining the subject-substantive specificity of intellectual intuition did not mean that he completely refused to take into account that, in addition to the individually unique in real objects and situations perceived at the same time, there is the common which is also recognized to be significant. It is established that Spinoza actually catches and takes into account in a peculiar way an inherently dialectical relationship between the general, the individual and the separate, recognizing that in reality there exist independently only the separate as a unity of the general and the individually unique.

The article analyzes the problem of the norm and normativity in the so-called non-classical rationality. We describe the shift from the classical form of rationality to the non-classical one. We carry out the analysis of the concepts of the norm and normativity in various scientific methodological paradigms, as well as the analysis of the paradigm shift, i.e. the paradigm change described in the philosophy and methodology of science. The article shows how correlate the concepts of the norm and the measure, the norm and the method. We consider the problem of the norm through the concept of human-sizedness. The non-classical situation of the philosopher is described by the example of M.K. Mamardashvili’s philosophy and his works.

The article is devoted to the method of eliminating the consequences of the intensionality of Gödel's Second Incompleteness Theorem. The method proposed by Gödel himself is called the “best and most common version” of the Second theorem. Consideration of (non-standard) systems with built-in consistency, in which consistency is provable within the system, reveals two points of view: the first is the semantic uncertainty of such systems, and the second is in attempts to strengthen the Second Theorem. Gödel introduced the concepts of internal and external consistency, and the transition to the principle of reflection as a more adequate formulation in its terms of the Second Theorem, has the goal of minimizing intensional aspects in metamathematical discourse.

For the first time in scientific literature on aesthetics and logic, the interconnection of beauty and truth is discussed at the level of artificial language of an axiomatic system of universal philosophical epistemology synthesizing aprioriism and empiricism. Also for the first time, the author constructs and proposes for discussion a formal deductive derivation of logic equivalence of truth and beauty (and that of beauty and provability as well) in an apriori knowledge system.

The article studies L. Wittgenstein’s and W. Quine’s attitudes towards the problem of the cognizing of the word as a part of the problem of the word meaning. The question of how we cognize the language in its propositional facts which was ignored in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is analyzed in detail in Philosophical Investigations and gives rise to a wide range of concepts, ideas and doubts. Quine, following Wittgenstein, starts to study the cognition of the word but overrides uncertainty and focuses on the naturalistic approach, which allows him to build the model of scientific knowledge based exactly on the word and the way we cognize the word.