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TM-modes of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) can be excited on the surface of the metal layer of an adaptive mirror at falling of a bulk electromagnetic wave. A part of the energy of the electromagnetic wave is involved in excitation of the SPP modes. The E-modes of the SPP are excited at reflection of the TM-modes from the boundaries of deformed areas on the adaptive mirror surface. The superposition of TM-modes and E-modes leads to the formation of SPP vortices at singular points of the interference field. The topology of the SPP vortices changes depending on the curvature of the boundaries of deformed areas on the adaptive mirror surface. In this case, the SPP vortices appear and disappear in the components of the Poynting vector, and the screw dislocations emerge at the wavefront at the singular points of the field. Emergence of SPP vortices on the metal surface of a mirror should be considered when calculating the wavefront correction parameters in the adaptive systems.

The results of two-site measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere in Primorye (Vladivostok - village Gornotayezhnoe, a distance of 60 km), near Tomsk (Akademgorodok - observatory “Fonovaya”, 60 km), the western and eastern coasts of the lake Baikal ( 69 km) are considered. It is shown that the level of turbidity of the atmosphere over Vladivostok is higher than over the remote inland area. Moreover, the main contribution to the differences is caused by high content of the coarse aerosol, obviously of marine origin, in the atmosphere over Vladivostok (compared with village Gornotayezhnoe). The difference between the measurement sites in other two regions does not exceed the error in determining the AOD.

The temperature series from 818 weather stations of the Northern hemisphere and the Wolf numbers for the period from 1955 to 2010 are considered. Components of the series, acting in opposite directions and having extreme properties, are introduced. The presence of various connections between the solar activity and the temperature are confirmed. Conditions of occurrence of the connections are discovered. The developed approach is advisable to apply for the analysis of observations and to analytical transformations.

The paper proposes and investigates the method of measuring the height of the cloud base using the stereo pair of images taken using two digital cameras. The method of determination of camera orientation parameters required to solve the problem uses images of the night star sky. To calculate the distance to the cloud, the image shift of a fragment of the cloud as a whole is used. The selection of the fragment in the photos is performed using methods of morphological image analysis. When the stereo base is 60 m and taking pictures with a resolution of 1200 pixels in the field of view of 60 the error does not exceed 10% at the height of the cloud base less than 4 km. Optimization of the parameters of photography, including the increase of the stereo base, can significantly improve the accuracy of the estimation the height of the cloud base. Examples of estimation of the height of cloud base on the layout of the experimental setup are compared with the measurements of the laser range finder.

The applicability of the formulas obtained in the first part of the article [1] is investigated in a numerical experiment. It is shown that the geometric optics approximation is applicable only for short distances hundreds of times smaller than the corresponding length of the diffraction. Limitations, caused by the oscillations of the original integral equation kernel, lead to strong oscillations of the third derivative of the measured data. Relationships based on the asymptotic formula for a point receiver are insensitive to the oscillations of the measured data. The application of formulas for point receiver in the case of finite radius of receivers leads to smoothing inversed distributions and their shift relative to the given ones. Method of accounting for these factors is developed. The use the approximation of a point receiver together with smoothing the restored distributions leads to a partial loss in the restored data information about the turbulence spectrum. This makes it possible to simplify the solution of the inverse problem, reducing it to the calculation of the second order derivatives.

A method for measuring vertical profiles of meteorological parameters using portable automatic electronic weather station mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (PEWS-UAV) is proposed. Facility description and the results of the field test are presented, and PEWS-UAV development prospects are discussed.

The article shows that Western European countries have experienced a system-genetic transformation caused by the descending individualization with its worldly ascesis. Therefore, the ways of social integration, control and administration (including conflict harmonization), and the base type of economy were formed there according to this type of individualization. In Russia, unlike Western anthropogenic civilization, intentions of rising individual creative individuation which are based not on alienation but on connection of people are realized. The potential of this individualization is extremely relevant to the arising during technical and technological development gaps of intellectual creative work. This individualization is not structural and formal by its very nature, it is carried out during direct communication and interaction. Here the «personal» and «private» (special) are not the same, and the possession of the property is not a necessary condition for individualization. Conceptions of «realistic» (based on redistribution) property, the meaning of which is to maintain social balance, are dominant in the society. Political activity occurring on the basis of this individuation is difficult to separate from the state totalitarianism. They have the same form; they are «total» in contrast to the Western variant, when the social activity is carried out under the slogan of «particularism», while the state is «responsible» for the implementation of the «general interest». This indivisibility of social and state issues leads to the fact that in Russia the cyclic regime of «pulsating» citizenship is persistently reproduced.

The relevance of the research topic is due to the continuing crisis, the local destruction of the social, natural life and global catastrophism. Global destructive processes are becoming more extensive, including in the education system. In order to take the urgent life-preserving extreme measures, it is necessary to timely recognize the devastating parasitic processes, determine their essence and content. The purpose of research is to examine a high level of organic planetary life, the social one, and to identify two opposing interrelated processes of self-motion of matter: 1) social producers which provide concentration of social matter, free-living social systems which contribute to increasing self-development and social diversity in society (C-civilization); 2) social decomposers which lead to simplification and destruction of social matter until its self-destruction (P-civilization). It is shown that in the confrontation of civilizations, the education sphere increasingly becomes the key one, supplying the right people either to C-civilization or to P-civilization. This process has acquired a global dimension, has an international content; it is required to study it on the national and global levels. The following conclusion is made: as any sphere of society, education being exposed to polar civilizations is also polarizing. The education system in the XXI century exist in almost all countries of the world, and, formally speaking, it performs the above-indicated social functions. However, this is just a form; in reality, under the influence of polar civilizations on education, one and the same external form of training organization may be filled with fundamentally different, polar contents.

Ontemporary sociocultural technologies have a powerful impact on the individual’s personality thus triggering the issue of personality preservation. The authors have reviewed only one aspect of this problem: the aspect directly related to specific features of visual information products of social networks. The research relied on the fundamentals of the youth sociology, the general concept of visual culture and some aspects of the general communication theory. The work has also extensively used the methods of theoretical and empirical research. Visual self-representation of a personality in Instagram has become the actual subject of this research. According to the authors, communication in this network is based on the three-component model of a sociocultural mechanism of information impact: a producer (addresser) of information - a network user; an information product - posted pictures; a consumer (addressee) of information - as a rule, unidentified. In order to analyze the target audience of addressers (producers) of information products, a poll was conducted via a special online questionnaire. The results of the poll show that the main audience of the network users is young people between 16 and 25. Pictures have become a unit of analyzing the information product in the Internet. However, we were not able to use the method of content-analysis in the full due to the huge number of posted pictures and insufficient storage capacity of the PC. Therefore, only several elements of the content-analysis have been used. Over 3000 pictures posted in Instagram have been analyzed. Selfies are prevailing among them (over 1000), followed by pictures of food and animals (over 500) and nature (over 200). The research has revealed two fundamental controversies: publicity of the posted pictures, which sometimes are very personal and even intimate, along with rather harsh and negative response to any attempt of intruding into the personal space of a network user; an acute loneliness of young people and a great need in communication, accompanied by the intentional communication avoidance in the real world. The research has resulted in the following conclusions. The Instagram information product is a means of self-presentation for the young people in the social picture network. The real world fragments on pictures can be either real or staged (installation and performance, where animals can become main characters). Selfies are aimed at representing the user’s self by the principle: «Look! Here am I!». The posted images range from ordinary pictures of real people to the overt provocation beyond the bounds of decency. This self-representation is virtually a self-simulacrum. A visual image at the posted picture is a code that carries an information message. A producer of information product and its consumer can belong to different subcultures; in this case, the coded information will be deciphered according to the laws of intercultural communication.

The article studies the issue of the mode of being of scientific values on the material of the history of Russian science in order to demonstrate the importance of interpersonal communication between the educator and the student in the teaching process. The reproduction of the scientific community, i.e. training new generations of scientists, is not only the act of transferring some knowledge and skills to the beginners, but also the adoption of the ideals and values of science by them. M. Polanyi called the kind of knowledge that cannot be conveyed by mean of wording ‘tacit knowledge.’ Value orientations also belong to this type of knowledge. The recognition of unverbalized traditions enriches the picture of science, making it more complete. By taking into account the statements of scientists themselves, the paper attempts to evaluate how important it is for them, in the course of their scientific research, to exercise interpersonal communication and to receive the example of a colleague or teacher directly giving samples of values to be followed.