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The Chulyshman Upland is a big mountain structure at the boundary between the Altai and West Sayan mountain ranges. It is composed mostly of metamorphic rocks of the greenschist, epidote-amphibolite, and amphibolite facies as well as several large granitoid massifs. The upland stretches for 150 km to the northwest and is ≤50 km in width. The main divides are flattened and are almost 3000 m (or, seldom, slightly more) in height. The southwestern and northeastern boundaries of the upland are formed by recent dextral strike-slip faults, and the northwestern and southeastern boundaries, by reverse faults. Neotectonic structures of lower rank divide the uplift into four mountain massifs similar in morphology and size; the mountain masses, in turn, are divided into altitude stages. Recent E-W trending faults are reverse, whereas N-S trending faults are normal. Horizontal displacements along the dextral strike-slip faults are >2000 m, while vertical displacements along the reverse and normal faults are within 150-500 m. There is no contemporary glaciation on the upland. In the Pleistocene, the upper stage of the relief was occupied by ice sheets, which left numerous traces of exaration. The middle stage was a transit zone for the outlet tongues of ice sheets; here, moraine deposits cover the bottoms and slopes of valleys. The lower stage was a zone of moraine accumulation in the Pleistocene. In the Holocene, neotectonic activity in the area was expressed as numerous earthquakes, which have left traces in the form of rock slides at the base of 20% of the extension of the sides of glacial valleys and seismogenic trenches 80 to 2300 m in length. Studies have revealed a pleistoseist zone (50°37′10″ N; 88°51′08″ E) from a recent (about 200-300 years ago) catastrophic earthquake.

Hard fragments (crushed only by a hammer) of manganese deposits differing strongly in appearance from the regional ferromanganese crusts were sampled from depths of 3500-3200 m during the dredging of an unnamed seamount in the Central Basin of the Sea of Japan. Their surface has a black carbonaceous coating; after its removal, the crusts become steel-gray. The specific weight of these crust fragments is 3.35 g/cm3, whereas the regional crusts have a specific weight of <2 g/cm3. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the sampled fragments consist of pure pyrolusite. There are also fragments of crusts formed by todorokite and birnessite. All pyrolusite samples have an abnormally high content of Mn (up to 63%). The Mn/Fe ratio reaches 9016. The conclusion is drawn that the manganese crusts formed on this seamount are of hydrothermal genesis.

The theory of resistivity logging (RL) originally stems from the Fock-Stefänescu forward problem solution for the stationary electric field E in a piecewise homogeneous isotropic medium, with a single boundary corresponding to the surface of a cylinder unlimited by height. The cylinder simulates a borehole filled with drilling mud of resistivity ρ = ρ_b, which penetrates a formation with resistivity of rocks ρ = ρ_r. The primary field E is produced by the charge of a current electrode A placed on the cylinder axis. In this paper the forward problem for the field E is investigated for the electrode A at an arbitrary point off the axis of a borehole embedded in a transversely isotropic formation, with an anisotropy axis parallel to the borehole axis. The solution of forvard problem is used in algorithms and respective software for processing resistivity logs affected by electrode eccentricity and formation anisotropy. The changes caused to apparent resistivity by the two effects are estimated in percent for axial and lateral electrode dispositions.

Using an MST-05 NMR relaxometer, we determined the dependence of NMR parameters on the specific surface and resistivity of water-saturated shaly sandstone and siltstone core samples. The influence of the type and quantity of clay minerals was evaluated at residual water saturation, because the main contribution to the measured NMR signal in this case is made by clay content. Based on NMR relaxometry data, we obtained quantitative estimates of the specific surface with clay- and capillary-bound fluids. The surface relaxivity was estimated from thermal-desorption and NMR relaxometry data. The high degree of reliability of its values was confirmed by the agreement between the pore size distributions determined by NMR relaxometry and by capillarimetry and granulometry. We have established that the parameters of NMR spectra depend on the specific surface and resistivity, which are, in turn, a function of the surface properties of both clay and sandstone/siltstone particles.

High rates of transformation of higher education in Russia stipulate dynamic evolution of functioning of the system of higher education, in particular renewal of universal, general professional and professional competences of educational process, extension of variety of education technologies, development of competitiveness policy of a higher educational institution etc. The tools for competitive growth of a higher educational institution, consisting in the development of intelligent marketing as the innovation direction of development of a higher educational institution, are suggested in the context of the article. The suggested tools include managerial subsystems of marketing activity of the higher educational institution, aimed at competitive growth of the higher educational institution as the leading institute of formation of professional classes of society.

A survey of some important scientific directions in the sphere of symmetric cryptography is presented. We emphasize problems connected with weak keys, with statistical analysis of symmetric algorithms and with investigation of iterative constructions. Some problems, specific to stream ciphers, iterative block ciphers and cryptographic hash-functions are considered. We also advocate practical significance of scientific work in cryptanalysis and sketch its basic principles.

The article suggests the analysis of institutional factors of economic growth. The obtained results include: categorical and conceptual identification and qualitative assessment of institutional factors of economic growth; proof of adequacy and applicability of the non-linear specification of dependence between institutional factors and economic growth; presentation of capabilities of instrumental means by the J-curve for rendering of recommendations in the field of economical reforming.

The article considers the problems of economic modeling in the context of the methodological approach to the definition of the «model» term as a basic unit in science. The emphasis is on the issue of correlation of views of representatives of various branches, besides possible ways of search for the compromise are suggested. The conclusion is drawn that, despite the variety of approaches, no polar disagreements in positions of the researches regarding the issue of definition of the «model» term were revealed. The problem of search for «ideal», in the context of parameters, models in economics, i.e. models with optimal number of variables, level of abstraction, is defined, and the need for further research in the field of modeling of economic processes is revealed.

The article considers the issues of actuality of participation of citizens in distribution of part of municipal budget on the basis of experience of municipal formations of Latin America, North America and Europe. The specifics of realization of participatory budgeting in each of the presented models are revealed, besides, the need for formation of a mixed model of participatory budgeting for municipalities of Russia on the basis of the best foreign practices is proved.