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The main purpose of the article is to analyze how the transport provision of the remote areas of the Far East was reformed during the period of social and economic transformations. For the most part communication lines were built in such areas due to the creation of geographically isolated extraction facilities and very often they were dead ends. Development and improvement of some related elements of life support were given a minor role. Analysis of events and qualitative changes, most closely related to the present time, requires a broader methodological framework in addition to the classical principles of historicism and dialectic cognition. Key provisions of the transitional society theory constituted the conceptual basis for the conducted research. The break- up of the Soviet Union, the following social and economic stagnation and search for the new tools of regional policy adapted to the market requirements in the Russian Far East at the beginning of the XXI century are viewed as processes of escalating uncertainty, recurrent risks amidst the total crisis and intensive social transformations. In order to realize the stated objective the author applied descriptive, comparative-historical, historical-genetic, and retrospective scientific methods. Research findings clearly demonstrate that the period under study was marked by persistence of considerable contradictions that led to substantial disproportions in communications deployment, inconsistent and excessively rapid changes in provision of the remote regions, absence of clear strategy for their development and support. The author reveals consequences of transformations in the sphere of legal regulation and material resources of regional transportation which allows expanding the range of root causes of deficiencies in the current transportation system and taking them into account in the modern innovative development programs proposed for the Russian Far East.

In contemporary historical science there is a visible trend to interdisciplinary cooperation and use of new modern approaches and directions. One of these approaches envisages the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in historical research. GIS are used in studies where spatial reference can be defined. This, in turn, determines the choice of main areas of application of these technologies for the study of geographic characteristics of objects in space. One such area is socio-demographic. Analysis of socio-demographic aspects of historical development is always a matter of topical interest, as it allows to reflect the current status and future population trends that form the territory image. Migration studies became one of the most popular lines of research in foreign and domestic historiography of GIS. Migrations are affected by various factors associated with social, economic, political, and professional interests. All these topics are reflected in the GIS-related research projects. GIS can be also used as an analytical instrument that reflects the space-time interdependence, correlation of factors affecting the natural changes of population and migration. The use of GIS technologies stimulates adoption of new sources. Mass sources with identical structure just perfectly fit into GIS format. For the most part such sources contain information about socio-demographic characteristics. In addition to concrete historical projects that focus on demographic aspects in a spatial context, GIS-related projects are implemented in the field of professional interests and professional reorientation of the population. Analysis of professional activities of population along with processes, influencing the change of professional statuses and structure of employment is closely connected with the study of migration flows. It is exemplified by the works written by S.Gruber who studied the professional migrations in Albania at the beginning of the XX century. The spatial analysis establishes geographical patterns of population change, relationships between the level of literacy, housing, and professional migrations.

The article deals with the problem of alcoholism among the urban population of the Tambov province during the period of modernization in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. The article reviews contemporary Russian scholarship on this problem. The author studies alcoholism of the urban society based on the statistical data, archival sources, and press materials. Drunkenness is considered as a form of deviation, interconnected with other manifestations of deviant behavior - suicide, bullying, murder. The article discusses the forms of control over drinking exercised by the state and church. During the period under study drunkenness being one of the most common social ills remained a big problem for the post-reform urban society and required serious attention from the government and public institutions. Drunkenness of urban residents hampered the normal development of urban environment and often served as a catalyst for more serious manifestations of deviant behavior and crime. In the cities of the Tambov province, much more affected by modernization as opposed to the villages, the problem of alcoholism was sharper than in the uyezds. As compared to other regions of Russia, the Tambov province suffered much from the problem of drunkenness among its urban residents. The scale of alcohol abuse in this case also correlated with the degree of penetration of the modernization of the urban life in society. The problem of drinking in the Tambov province was much more serious than in the neighboring cities of agrarian provinces, however the situation was even worse in the cities of central regions that were more affected by modernization. The growth of population’s alcoholization is inevitable during the periods of modernization. It was a price to pay for the increase in the urban population, the influx of workers to the cities. However, it did not relieve the State and the society of their responsibility to fight against this evil.

The author aims at revealing how the elements of rural environment and the rural way of life influenced the social sphere and lifestyle in the cities of Western Siberia in the 1930s. Within the stated period a number of industrial urban settlements in Western Siberia increased significantly. As conceived by the country’s leaders and theoreticians of urban development the formation and development of the new industrial cities was to be in accordance with a clear plan. While carrying out these projects the authorities faced a number of difficulties that prevented the full implementation of the projects. The difficulties lay in the lack of material resources for the projects, as well as in the fact that citizens were unprepared for such work. A significant percentage of the new city dwellers were born in the rural areas. Migrants from the rural areas that had settled in the West Siberian towns tried to adapt to the new living conditions and to the emerging urban environment while reproducing their usual behavior patterns. Moreover, the former peasants influenced the formation of the urban area and social relationships in the new cities. In their turn, the authorities both at the regional and national levels attempted to adapt the behavior patterns of the «new urban citizens» so as to solve the tasks of economical and social modernization according to the plans of industrial development. Upon that, the authorities not only stimulated modernization factors affecting population, but also strove to take control of the «chaotic» elements of the traditional style of life and to incorporate them into the space of the emerging industrial towns. As a result, urban space included elements of social environment, extraneous for the industrial cities. Some of these elements were the legacy of the rural way of life, others were the product of rapid urban growth.

During the civil war the state agricultural enterprises were subordinate to the independent provincial directorates of state farms. In 1920 these directorates were transferred to the jurisdiction of local agrarian authorities. During the NEP period large state farms were incorporated into the regional trusts. The transition to collectivization was marked by the intensive state-farm construction. Regional trusts were abolished. State farms were merged into specialized trusts. Management of trusts was transferred to the Narkomat of Agriculture of the Soviet Union established at the end of 1929. The system of state farm management was radically changed in late 1932. Trusts of state farms were transferred from Narkomat of Agriculture to the newly created Narkomat of State Farms. This was by no means the end of reforms. The country’s leadership referred to the poor performance of state farms and hoped to raise it trough optimization of management. The newly created administrative structures didn’t radically change the situation, therefore, the next reorganization followed. The end of 1935 was marked by abolition of the state-farm trusts that were considered as inefficient administrative structures. Each state farm was transferred directly to the Narkomat of State farms of the Soviet Union which also could not provide the day-to-day management of numerous state farms located across the vast territory. Therefore, in 1936 Narkomats of State Farms were established in each republic which was followed by re-establishment of the large specialized trusts.

The results of long-term monitoring (1974–2014) of a model population of Homogyne alpinа (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae) during demutational changes on Carpathian subalpine meadows were summarized. Patterns of structural transformations and self-regulation princiрles of this population were determined. A special role of micropopulations in the formation of plant generations and preservation of heterogeneity of population elements was noted.

The peculiarities of in vitro regeneration of the rare species Fritillaria meleagris L. from floral explants was studied for the first time. At the establishment of in vitro culture and during the multiplication stage the most effective was the use of the В₅ nutrient medium supplemented with 0.44 mМ BA, 3.22 mМ NAA and 2.28 mМ IAA. During the multiplication stage the regeneration rate reached 80 % and the number of bulblets per explant was 3.9 ± 0.3. It was established that morphogenesis of the de novo formed structures depended on the mineral composition of the medium: the use of mineral-based B₅ led to adventitious shoot formation (gemmogenesis), while the use of BDS caused morphogenic callus formation and gemmorhizogenesis on its surface. The stimulating effect of low temperatures (+7 ^oС) on bulblets’ development and adaptation to ex vitro conditions was noted.

Results of the analysis of monographs, papers and patents dealing with the studies of physicochemical and catalytic properties of the catalysts of petroleum processing synthesized with the help of mechanical activation are presented. The results of Russian and foreign studies in the area of changes in the efficiency of catalyst performance in the case if intense mechanical load is involved in the technological process of catalyst synthesis.

The effect of modification of sulphated zirconium dioxide by aluminium oxide additives on its texture, phase composition, acidity and catalytic properties in the process of isobutane alkylation with butanes was studied. It is shown that the best catalytic properties are those of the SO₄^2-−ZrO₂−Al₂О₃ sample with aluminium oxide content 20 mass %, annealed at a temperature of 650 °C.

Pd/Sibunit catalysts with palladium content 1 and 1.5 % were studied in aqua-phase hydrogenation of furfurol at different temperatures (323 and 363 K) and hydrogen pressure (0.5 and 2.0 MPa). The sample with palladium content 1.5 % exhibited activity in the studied reaction only at a temperature of 363 K. Under rigid reaction conditions (363 K, 2.0 MPa) the catalyst 1.5 % Pd/Sibunit has advantages over the samples based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and technical-grade carbon (TC): it is more active than 1.5 % Pd/TC in furfurol transformation (transformation degree 96 %) and is highly selective (76 %) in the formation of furfuryl alcohol in comparison with 1.5 % Pd/CNT, with close degrees of furfurol transformation. A decrease in palladium content in the sample did not lead to worsening of the catalytic characteristics in the studied reaction under the most rigid reaction conditions. The degree of furfurol transformation on the sample 1 % Pd/Sibunit (91 %) turned out to be higher than that with the catalyst 1.5 % Pd/TC, while in the selectivity of the formation of furfuryl alcohol (77 %) it exceeded the sample 1.5 % Pd/CNT substantially.