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This paper is concerned with issues of CGE simulating of fixed capital investments which arise with extension of general equilibrium input-output model of the Russian economy. Suggested approach allows considering connections between such key macroeconomic indicators as exchange rate, interest rate, inflation, fixed capital investment and total output growth rates. It is based on building and estimation of a function of production with variable degree of fixed capital utilization. Estimations of dynamic of fixed capital utilization degree for the Russian economy and its influence on dynamic of fixed capital investments are suggested in the paper.

The causes and factors of development of the Russian economy, determining the duration of transitivity are analyzed. The conclusion about the impossibility of accurately record the time frame of the transitive economy is made.

The paper is aimed to define the impact of the nominal return and Sharp coefficient, that derived from investment of pension savings, on the market power of pension funds or asset management companies in Russia. The models of linear and multiple regression don’t show significant link between the result of pension savings’ investment and client’s choice of retirement savings provider. The research proves the existence of weak motivation of agents to improve the quality of pension savings’ investment.

The invention of non-Euclidean geometries is often seen through the optics of Hilbertian formal axiomatic method developed later in the 19th century. However such an anachronistic approach fails to provide a sound reading of Lobachevsky’s geometrical works. Although the modern notion of model of a given theory has a counterpart in Lobachevsky’s writings its role in Lobachevsky’s geometrical theory turns to be very unusual. Lobachevsky doesn’t consider various models of Hyperbolic geometry, as the modern reader would expect, but uses a non-standard model of Euclidean plane (as a particular surface in the Hyperbolic 3-space). In this paper I consider this Lobachevsky’s construction, and show how it can be better analyzed within an alternative non-Hilbertian foundational framework, which relates the history of geometry of the 19th century to some recent developments in the field.

The paper consider philosophical foundation of modern approach to understand and model of consciousness. The inner contradictions are distinguished, analyzes of relative critics of reductive and non-reductive approaches is developed. The main cause of disagreement between conceptions is determinate and philosophical consequences from it are deduced.

In this article was considered the concepts' relationship of subconsciousness and unconscious. There were proved redundancy of concept unconscious for psychology needs, because the unconscious doesn't possess the mental contents locates.

The paper studies the concept of "homoeomeries" in natural philosophy system of Galen. With regard to the analysis of the history and philosophy of medicine author interested in treatises of Galen ( In Hippocratis de natura hominis librum commentarii III , Ars medica , De constitutione artis medicae ad Patrophilum), which clearly describes the fundamental importance of the doctrine of homoeomeries for the whole system of natural philosophy of Galen. The author raises the question of compliance with the views of Galen to the entrenched in the history of philosophy ideas about homoeomeries. The author points to a significant difference between the interpretations of the term by various philosophers of antiquity, on the one hand, and the fact that it has invested in this concept Galen, who shared with the point of view of Aristotle on the matter. Natural-philosophical system he needed for an integrated understanding of the principles of the device and functioning of the human organism, as well as the causes of diseases, treatments and therapies. All this, according to Galen, should be explained in the framework of a certain philosophical (i.e. general scientific) system. Expediency functions as a basis of understanding mission, pledged by the Creator into the various organs and tissues, and determines the approach to the idea of Galen homoeomeries.

150 years ago the paper of Augustine monk Gregor Mendel “The experiments with plants hibrydes” symbolized the appearance of new science - genetics. The idea of this paper shows that every feature of the living organisms is determined by two factors. It can be proposed that binary combinations and mathematical relations variations are appeared in mental Mendel’s experiment in longterm mental experiment. The hybridological experiments were used for supporting that thought only.

Evolution of cosmological representations in New times. It is shown that these views influenced the whole future course of development of cosmology.

A review of contemporary discussions of shifts in the standards of scientific experimentation in particle physics in XX century is made based on the book “Shifting Standards: Experiments in Particle Physics in the Twentieth Century” by Franklin A. and works of other authors. A leading role of statistical criteria (5 sigma) and the issues related to its applications for substantiation of discovery claims are discussed. Various levels of theory-ladenness of experimentation such as triggers, data exclusion and selectivity, and systematic errors are analyzed. Changes in the ways of presentation of experiment in scientific publications and communication of results, style and authorship of publications by large collaborations are traced. Epistemic strategies of experimentation as proposed by Franklin as well as the roles of experiment in cognition are examined.