V.S. Zykin1,2, V.S. Zykina1, R.N. Kurbanov3,4, A.O. Volvakh1, N.E. Volvakh1, E.L. Malikova1 1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Sibirian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
4Lomonosov Moscow State University,Moscow, Russia
The article examines the structure, composition, and textural features of the griva unit of the Volchia Griva section and the paragenetically associated relief. Additional data on the aeolian origin of the griva unit and griva relief have been obtained. OSL and ICS dating of the Volchya Griva section allowed us to attribute the formation time of the Griva unit to the epoch of the last glaciation and to correlated it with MIS 2 in its entire volume. It has been confirmed that the formation of aeolian relief and the activation of aeolian processes occurred during the cold glacial periods of the late Pleistocene with the predominance of southwesterly winds. The established textural features of the griva unit section are similar in textural and structural characteristics to the niveo-aeolian sands of the Upper Pleistocene, which were formed in cold, periglacial, arid regions of the world and distributed along the southern edge of the ice sheets of the last glaciation from Northwestern Europe to Western Siberia and Alaska. The formation of a deflationary truncation and of a mega-yardangs system in the northern part of the Lake Chany basin indicates a significant activation of aeolian processes at the boundary between the formation of the lower and upper horizons of the griva unit. The orientation of the griva relief, coinciding with the prevailing direction of modern winds, indicates the same direction of winds during the cold and warm epochs of the Quaternary in the south of Western Siberia. The completeness of the structure of the Volchya Griva section, corresponding to the epoch of the last glaciation and MIS 2, the confinement to this section of the largest in Eurasia location of the remains of the mammoth fauna, distinct lithological characteristics, a fairly high degree of its study allow us to consider this section as one of the typical for the Upper Pleistocene of Siberia and to consider it as a stratotype of the griva unit, widespread in this territory, which should be distinguished into an independent Baraba horizon (suite) for the south of Western Siberia, including the Eltsovka and Bagan loesses and the Suma soil separating them
T. G. Shumilova1, S. I. Isaenko1, V. N. Bocharov2, V. V. Ulyashev1, S. A. Svetov3, D. A. Mandrygina4, A. A. Zubov1, N. S. Kovalchuck1, N. I. Maksimenko1, V. P. Lutoev1, V. K. Kis5
1 N.P. Yushkin Institute of Geology Komi SC, UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
2St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
3 Institute of Geology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
4 A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, UB RAS, Eekaterinburg, Russia
5 HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
Keywords: karite, diamond, meteorite craters, impact metamorphism, fossils.
In the paper, the detail features of karite – the diamond (diamond-containing) fossils of the Kara meteorite crater formed after organic matter, generally after wood fragments, studied by a wide list of modern analytical methods are presented, including structural data at atomic resolution level, chemical composition and spectroscopic characteristics. The diagnostic features, formation mechanism and ontogenic specificity are analyzed. As a result of a detailed study of the ontogenetic specificity, structural and chemical composition of the diamond fossils a fundamental difference in the mechanism of formation from typical paramorphoses and pseudomorphoses has been established, there they have been classified as pseudo-paramorphoses. Taking into account special conditions for the described aggregates of diamond and other forms of carbon formation from organic matter by impact, it is proposed to differ a special variety of fossils – impact fossils. The prospects for using of the diamond fossils for geological studies and application in carbon materials field are estimated.
V.F. Smol’kin1, A.V. Mokrushin2,3 1Vernadsky State Geological Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
2Geological Institute, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia
3Apatity branch of Murmansk Arctic University, Apatity, Russia
Keywords: Paleoproterozoic, gabbro, clinopyroxene, wehrlites, ferropicrites, dyke, sulphide Cu-Ni ore deposits, geochemistry, isotopes, genesis, Pechenga, Russia
Located in the north-west of the Murmansk Region, the sulphide Cu-Ni ore deposits were discovered in 1930s. Nowadays they provide approximately 8-10% of the nickel mining in Russia. The deposits are spatially associated with the serpentinite massifs, which have long been pertained to either the ophiolitic complex or basalt magma differentiates. The magma is regionally represented by the wide-spread fields of pillow lavas and gabbro-diabase sills. The ultramafic ferropicritic volcanics, which alternate in cross-section with lavas and basaltic tuffs, were discovered in 1970s. Initially the ore-bearing massifs were intrusions composed by peridotites (wehrlites), clinopyroxenites, and gabbro, which were tectonically metamorphosed during the Svecofennian tectonic genesis. Basing on petrological, geochemical, and isotopic research, scientists have proved that ferropicritic volcanics and ore-bearing intrusions are genetically bonded. The paper concerns the processes of differentiation of all the ferropicritic magma facies, i.e., intrusive (ore and ore-free intrusions), volcanogenic (massive and pillow lavas, stratified flows, sills), and dike ones (dike bodies, cross-cutting intrusions, and dike swarms in the Archean setting). Their relations, period and sequence of formation have been revealed. We also discuss the role that the processes of contamination and assimilation of the Archean basement rocks and hosting sulphide carbonaceous schists have played in sulphide ore formation.
I.D. Timoshina1, L.S. Borisova1, A.N. Fomin3 1Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 630090, Novosibirsk, Koptug ave. 3, Russia
Keywords: North Tunguska Oil and Gas Region, Paleozoic, kerogens, asphaltenes, biomarker hydrocarbons, type and catagenesis of organic matter, hydrocarbon migration.
The organic matter (OM) of the terrigenous coal-bearing strata of the Tunguska series (C2-P) and the Khanar formation (C2-3), as well as the Devonian carbonate rocks of the North Tunguska OGR, have experienced a complex geological history due to strong heating by traps. Because of this, the values of biomarker genetic parameters C27/C17 in n-alkanes, C29/C27 in steranes, hopanes/tricyclanes decrease in a number of terrestrial bitumens, and the tricyclane index ITC is likely to be altered by the migration effects of accumulation/dispersion of low-molecular compounds. The sterane maturity coefficient in most samples has undergone thermal inversion and is unsuitable for determining the level of catagenesis. Devonian samples as a whole probably contain marine OM (low δ13C; high HI in the insoluble residue and in kerogen, H/Cat in kerogen; in the diagram Pr/nC17 – Ph/nC18
are at the boundary or in the field of type II kerogen; low nC27/nC17 and C29/C27 are characteristic), although in the kerogen of the Manturovka formation (D1), isotopic and pyrolytic characteristics are distorted, possibly due to high catagenesis. The coal-bearing strata contain terrestrial OM (low HI in kerogens; high nC27/nC17, C29/C27
in steranes, hopanes/tricyclanes for the Khanar formation). The genetic characteristics of the saturated fractions of bitumen nC27/nC17, C29/C27 in steranes, hopanes/tricyclanes in several samples of the Upper Paleozoic are significantly distorted due to the catagenetic redistribution of compounds in favor of low-molecular compounds. According to the elemental composition of kerogen, half of the samples of the Khanar formation and the Tunguska series can be attributed to type III kerogen, and the other half to type IV, probably due to the high level of thermal transformation by the introductions of traps. In this regard, catagenesis for carbon–permian increases generally from the bottom up along the section from the MK2 gradation to apocatagenesis (changes in Rovt, MPI-1 in the aromatic fraction of bitumen, H/Cat in kerogens and asphaltenes).
R.A. Valiullin, M.S. Gayazov, F.F. Davletshin
Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia
Keywords: active thermometry, temperature, horizontal well, fluid flow, experimental research, free convection
This article is devoted to the development and experimental validation of an active thermometry method for quantitatively assessing fluid flow rate in horizontal wells. Two approaches were studied experimentally using a physical well model under single-phase flow conditions: a calorimetric approach (based on the integral superheating of a homogenized flow) and a convective approach based on the dependence of the heated pipe wall temperature on the flow rate. It was established that the Richardson number (Ri) is a key criterion determining the heat transfer mechanism. At Ri > 1 (low flow rate regime), thermogravitational effects dominate, causing significant temperature stratification of the flow. It is shown that under such conditions, the calorimetric method is more reliable and allows for flow rate determination with high accuracy (deviation no more than 10%). At the same time, the limitations of the convective method, the interpretation of which in this study took into account only the forced component of heat transfer (the Dittus-Belter model), are identified: it is correct only for Ri < 0.1 (high flow rates). The work lays the methodological basis for further development of the method, the key areas of which are the complication of the convective model to take into account free (natural) convection and the adaptation of both approaches to the conditions of multiphase flows.
K.N. Pustovalov1,2, P.V. Nagorskiy1, M.V. Oglezneva1, S.V. Smirnov1,2 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems (IMCES) SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: clouds, atmospheric electricity, electric field potential gradient, ultraviolet radiation
Atmospheric electricity is the totality of electrical phenomena occurring in the atmosphere, including clouds and precipitation, and forming the global electrical circuit. Studying the functioning of this circuit, particularly the factors that determine its local variability, is a pressing and important scientific problem, especially in the context of the current climate change. Based on atmospheric electrical, spectrophotometric, and meteorological observations Tomsk from 2006 to 2020, we analize the variability of the main characteristic of atmospheric electricity, that is, the surface electric field potential gradient and the spectral transmittance of long-wave UV radiation by clouds depending on their form. The analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between variations in the potential gradient and the transmittance of radiation at a wavelength of 380 nm for almost all main cloud forms. The new statistical data complement existing understanding of the interaction of atmospheric-electrical and actinometric characteristics and can be used to improve the models of global electric circuit and atmosphere, among other things, for numerical weather prediction and climate change modeling.
V.A. Gladkikh, A.P. Kamardin, I.V. Nevzorova, S.L. Odintsov, V.A. Fedorov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: atmosphere, outer turbulence scale, surface air layer, wind speed, air temperature
The outer scales of temperature and wind turbulence in the surface air layer are estimated based on experimental data. Statistics of the outer scales is provided for winter and summer periods at different time of the day at altitudes of 5 and 10 m. The correlations between the scales and temperature and wind velocity stratification in the surface air layer are analyzed. It is found that the temperature stratification has the strongest effect on the outer turbulence scales, and the scales increase with the measurement altitude. The results can be useful for studies of thermodynamic processes in the atmospheric boundary layer and the influence of turbulence on optical wave propagation.
M.Yu. Shikhovtsev1,2, A.Yu. Shikhovtsev1, A.A. Lezhenin3, V.S. Gradov3, V.B. Khaikin4, K.E. Kirichenko1, P.G. Kovadlo1 1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 2Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 3Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Russia
Keywords: precipitable water vapor, millimeter telescope, WRF, Sayan Solar Observatory, Hulugaisha peak
Precipitated water vapor (PWV) is the main gas that causes atmospheric opacity in millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges. This study uses the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to effectively estimate PWV levels in order to determine the conditions at existing observatory sites and identify potential locations for a new large millimeter telescope. The results show that the WRF model successfully reproduces the spatio-temporal variability of PWV, identifying areas with minimal moisture content, which can be used for planning telescope observations.
Studies of the content of radioactive gases in the atmosphere are important for assessing their danger to public health and as an auxiliary characteristic of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. There are very few measurements of radon and thoron concentrations in Russia. Therefore, this paper summarizes the results of their monitoring in the background region near Tomsk over 2020-2024. It has been shown that annual average radon concentrations are in the range 10.7-14.3 Bq/m3; the annual average maximal values can reach 81 Bq/m3. Thoron is characterized by a weaker variability of the average content (8.9-11.8 Bq/m3) and a lower maximal concentration (65 Bq/m3). It is found that radon has a well-defined daily cycle, while thoron does not. There are also significant differences in the annual variations in the concentrations of these gases. Although the main maxima of their concentrations are recorded in July, 222Rn has a secondary maximum in the cold season. A slow increase in the concentrations of both radon and thoron from 2020 to 2024 was found. The content of 222Rn increases at a rate of 0.5 Bq/m3 per year, and of 220Rn, with a rate of 0.2 Bq/m3 per year. The concentration of 222Rn is higher than 220Rn on daily, annual, and long-term scales. The data presented in this paper will be useful in choosing the range and uncertainty of new devices or protection against radiation and assessment of the probability of occurrence of a particular phenomenon.
On January 21, 2026, Valeria Aleksandrovna Sapozhnikova, one of the longest-serving employees of the V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS and an active contributor to the journal "Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics," passed away.
