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The morphology, species, and chemical composition of zeolites in agates from the Tevinskoye and Kinkilskoye deposits (Western Kamchatka, Russia) were studied in detail for the first time. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, EPMA, X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray computed microtomography were used. High-silica zeolites have been identified: clinoptilolite-Ca, clinoptilolite-Na, heulandite-Na, heulandite-K and mordenite. Agates from the Tevinskoye deposit were identified as intergrowths of orange and colorless prismatic clinoptilolite-Na crystals, forming a continuous rhythm up to 0.5 mm thick at the contact zone between the agate and the host rock. Numerous mordenite spherulites formed by radially radiating fine-acicular crystals approximately 1 mm long and rare intergrowths of prismatic clinoptilolite-Ca, clinoptilolite-Na, heulandite-Na, heulandite-K crystals were also diagnosed at the boundary between the agate and the host rock from the Kinkilskoye deposit. A typomorphic feature of clinoptilolite and heulandite in agates from both deposits is the admixture of BaO (0.22 to 0.73 wt.%). Silica minerals in the agates are represented by low-temperature cristobalite, chalcedony, quartzine, moganite, microgranular and coarse-crystalline quartz, including amethyst. The presence of "immature" forms of silica — moganite and low-temperature cristobalite — in the studied agates is associated with the young (Eocene) geological age of the volcanic formations. The formation of zeolites in the Tevinsky and Kinkilsky agates could have occurred with the participation of thermal neutral or alkaline. Crystallization of zeolites on the walls of gas cavities apparently occurred from supersaturated (Al, Na, K, Ca, Ba) aqueous solutions and preceded the precipitation of silica.

This article provides a review of the current state and prospects of low-cost seismic instruments. These devices enable the solution of a wide range of scientific and applied tasks, while their cost is one or two orders of magnitude lower than that of professional counterparts. The principal types of sensors are examined, including low-frequency geophones and MEMS accelerometers, with a focus on their design features, sensitivity range, and intrinsic noise levels. The typical architecture of recording equipment is described. Examples of the most common low-cost seismic instruments, such as the Raspberry Shake series and the P-Alert system, are provided, along with their technical specifications and application domains. Key application areas are analyzed, including earthquake early warning systems, volcano monitoring, passive seismic tomography using ambient noise records, experiments to measure the full wavefield from weak earthquakes, as well as educational and citizen science projects. The strengths and weaknesses of low-cost instruments are identified, encompassing limitations in recording weak signals and advantages related to network density. Promising future directions are outlined, such as improving measurement accuracy and employing machine learning methods for processing large volumes of data. It is concluded that, when intelligently combined with modern processing algorithms and dense network infrastructure, low-cost seismic instruments are capable of making a significant contribution to earthquake seismology, volcanology, and educational programs.

The article discusses methods for compressing information about the boundaries of areas generated by superpixel image segmentation. The representation of superpixel boundaries in the form of a four-digit image generated by boundary elements is proposed. A new compression method for this image is developed, based on constructing the trajectories of the boundary elements and then encoding them. An experimental study of the new method demonstrates its advantages over known methods of statistical coding and predictive coding, especially for large superpixel sizes.

A method of unmanned aerial vehicle trajectory planning has been developed. This method is based on the analysis of a video stream from a camera mounted on the vehicle, without using information from global navigation systems. The trajectory is planned using the determined parameters of an affine model of mutual spatial misalignment of adjacent video frames. The method utilizes the Shi-Tomassi singularity detection method, the Lucas-Kanade optical flow method, and the Kalman filter. The results of the method implementation on single-board computers and testing it under limited computing resources on real video sequences are presented.

The article considers aspects of social capacity of space in reproduction of human capital of the Arctic regions of Russia. The comparison of population assessments of the state of health care, education, culture and leisure, as well as working conditions and population growth rates in 32 municipalities of the European part of the Russian Arctic is carried out. The purpose of the study is to identify areas of priority transformations in these areas necessary to overcome depopulation trends at the municipal level. The factual basis is presented by the results of a survey of the population of 32 municipalities of the European part of the Russian Arctic (n=4871). The population growth rate is adopted as an indicator reflecting the resulting social conditions of human capital reproduction. A system analysis of the relationships between the parameters was implemented using the DEA analysis technique. When constructing a model aimed at maximizing the population growth rate (output parameter), eight territories were identified in which the ratio of the parameters under consideration is optimal under the existing restrictions (Arkhangelsk Urban District, Usinsk Municipal District, Kostomuksha Municipal District, etc.). For the remaining territories, priority transformation areas have been established in the areas of healthcare, education, culture and leisure, as well as working conditions to mitigate or overcome depopulation trends. In the area of working conditions, a critically important area is promoting an increase in wages, as well as ensuring the sustainable functioning and favorable prospects of city-forming enterprises, promoting the diversification of the local economy. The practical significance of the study lies in determining the priorities for regulating socio-economic processes in Arctic municipalities to mitigate or overcome depopulation trends.

This article addresses the issue of territorial inequality in access to healthcare services in Sverdlovsk Oblast of Russia. The research hypothesis is that a modified gravity-based model of potential spatial accessibility, with an empirically calibrated distance decay parameter λ , can identify stable territorial disparities in structural inaccessibility of healthcare and associated medico-economic risks, statistically linked to staffing, logistical, and institutional constraints at the municipal level. The aim of the study is to develop a model for evaluating potential spatial accessibility that accounts for territorial heterogeneity and disparities in healthcare resource availability. To achieve this, a modified gravity model was applied, incorporating double normalization and empirical calibration of the distance decay parameter λ . The accessibility index A_i was calculated for 65 municipalities in Sverdlovsk Oblast. These values were used to classify territories into three accessibility levels: high, moderate, and low (risk zones). The results reveal consistent differences among these groups in terms of physician availability, frequency of medical consultations, and medical-economic indicators. Low accessibility in several municipalities is associated with structural inaccessibility, reflected in reduced disease detection rates, fewer preventive visits, uneven distribution of workload among healthcare professionals, and rising local economic losses. These findings are supported by statistical analysis. The proposed model can be applied for monitoring healthcare accessibility, guiding workforce and investment priorities, adjusting patient routing, and informing intergovernmental fiscal policies. The A_i index may serve as an indicator of territorial vulnerability and the resilience of local healthcare systems.

The present article complements and completes the article “State Regulation of Spatial Development in China (with Reference to the North-Eastern and Western Macroregions)”, Region: Economics and Sociology, 2025, No. 4. Drawing on the example of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the PRC, it examines the experience of development and state support of a typical resource-based region, similar in its natural, climatic, and resource conditions to the regions of southern Asian Russia, but which, unlike the latter, has managed to implement an effective program of modernization and diversification of production. We look at the ideology and nature of economic reforms in China and how they have affected spatial development processes. We highlight the common features of the spatial structure of Russia and China as the world’s largest countries in terms of territory, with very large differences between their regions in terms of natural and climatic conditions, resource availability, and transport accessibility. The study shows that they are united by the common problem of a significant spatial “gap” in the levels of economic and social development of their regions, and examines the main differences between Russia and China in addressing this problem. This study demonstrates that China is effectively shaping a new quality of its space, purposefully increasing its connectivity through the implementation of major infrastructure projects. We look at the main parts of China’s positive experience with state regulation of spatial development and see how it could be used in Russia. We point out that institutional factors and conditions are the weakest link in modernizing the Chinese and Russian development models and their spatial segments.

This article examines the impact of environmental policy on the economic development of major industrial cities in Russia and China, using Tolyatti and Changchun as case studies. The results show that in Changchun, a reduction in PM2.5 concentration has a statistically significant positive effect on gross municipal product growth, indicating the effectiveness of the implemented environmental measures. In contrast, in Tolyatti, measures have shown a limited impact on economic dynamics due to the ongoing burden from industrial emissions and transport, as well as insufficient consistency in monitoring and program implementation. The practical significance of this study lies in possible application of its results to adjust environmental policy in industrial centers and develop mechanisms for sustainable cross-border interaction.

Decarbonizing Russian economy requires conceptual scientific justification and a modern system of indicative planning for achieving the strategic goal of carbon neutrality by 2060. Russian regions, except the Sakhalin Oblast, have not yet been involved in the compliance carbon market, and such a wait-and-see attitudes towards climatic agenda require more intense activities on behalf of regional authorities and businesses. The purpose of this article is to present the concept of product life cycle analysis taking into account greenhouse gas emissions and apply this methodology for assessing carbon intensity in the economic sectors of the Novosibirsk Oblast: energy, manufacturing, agriculture and municipal solid waste management. The collected empirical material and research results might be helpful for building the knowledge database for product life cycle analysis and consumption-based greenhouse gas emission accounting within the framework of indicative planning of decarbonization processes in region.

The aim of the study is to create a typology of municipal formations in the regions of Eastern Siberia for the purpose of assessing the impact of large investment projects on their socio-economic development; to compare the resulting types with existing typologies of the regions studied at the micro level, as well as with E.E. Leizerovich’s microdistricts. The author’s methodology takes into account both the characteristics of the territory (level of development, transport accessibility) and the characteristics of large investment projects being implemented there (focus - new construction or development of existing facilities, specialization). The resulting typology showed that underdeveloped, difficult-to-access, and moderately accessible municipalities are characterized by raw material development - the development of new deposits or the expansion of production at existing deposits with a focus on exports. In developed areas, investments in fixed capital are more often directed towards the development of existing facilities, although most of them are also reoriented from the domestic market to exports. Examples of deepening raw material processing in underdeveloped areas, as well as the start of mineral extraction in accessible developed areas, are few and far between. Existing typologies often focus on factors of socio-economic development of territories and do not take into account the vector of their development, while the author’s typology is consistent with T.V. Litvinenko’s typology of resource use transformations, excluding options for the degradation of territorial and economic systems due to the author’s focus on new large-scale investment projects.