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A kinetic model for the ignition and combustion of mixtures of propane and n-butane in the air has been developed. The model contains 348 reactions involving 72 species and includes both a high and low-temperature mechanism of propane and n-butane oxidation. The kinetic model was tested against experimental data on the ignition delay time and laminar flame speed. The model provides a good fit to experimental data on propane ignition and the laminar flame speed in propane-air mixtures, ignition of n-butane under different initial conditions (T₀ = 670 ÷ 1 550 K, ρ₀ = 1 ÷ 30 atm, φ = 0.3 ÷ 2.0), laminar flame speed in mixtures of n-butane with air at T₀ = 298 K, ρ₀ = 1 atm, and various stoichiometric ratios φ= 0.67 ÷ 1.5), as well as on the ignition of stoichiometric C₃H₈/C₄H₁₀/N₂/Ar mixtures with different relations C₃H₈/C₄H₁₀ at T ₀ = 710 ÷ 910 K and ρ₀ = 17.8 atm. The developed kinetic mechanism was used to perform a demonstration numerical simulation of combustion of propane-butane fuel in a homogeneous combustion chamber

"Agrocyborg" is a scientific term, the meaning of which is formed at the interface of biological-technical and cultural-philosophical concepts of the construction and functioning of a biomachine system that enhances the physical capabilities of a human being through technical means, causally controlled by the correlates of private phenomena of his consciousness. In the initial version, the agrocyborg is an agricultural worker and a bearer of soil traditions. Due to the symbiosis with the means of high technologies, the agrocyborg is an electronic personality, a representative of eHomo. In various conditions of attributing vital, mental and personal private phenomena to the biomachines of the agro-industrial complex, the cyborg self appears under the guises of a cyborg human, a cyborg animal, and a cyborg plant. The agrocyborg project is included in the methodology for building and using biomachine systems and is grounded by the "human-machine-living" triad. The "machine" block of the system includes solvers with elements of artificial intelligence technology and uses invasive implants and non-invasive interfaces, which enables the integration of biological and technical components to implement the agrocyborg concept. The authors offer concrete ways of constructing and using agrocyborgs in livestock breeding and crop production. This makes it possible to single out unsolvable, i.e. philosophical, aspects of the agrocyborg project. These include the problem of causal informational interactions of bio- and techno-subsystems, the problem of trusted attribution of cognitive phenomena to agrocyborgs of various classes, and the problem of interdisciplinary coordination.

Ideas about the visual analyzer appeared in ancient times. The ideas that arose about the functioning of vision in humans were often influenced by various philosophical systems then, while some eye surgery was already performed. In modern times, the accumulation of knowledge continued through observations and experiments and significant discoveries were made in this scientific field. Nowadays, the physiology of vision and ophthalmology are important areas of physiology and medicine. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the main periods of the formation and development of ideas about the visual analyzer. When writing it, the comparative-historical and analytical methods, which are employed in research on the history of medicine, were used. The main results consist in identifying the stages in the development of ideas about the visual analyzer and describing the contribution of leading scientists in this field. The conclusion is made about the process of formation and development of ideas concerning the visual analyzer as a branch of biomedical knowledge.

The article considers the evolution of the concept of "state" during the formation and development of natural science cognition. It is shown that the interpretation of this concept determined the content of the scientific picture of the world

The discussion on the boundary between the semantics and pragmatics of natural language was held as part of the XX International Conference of Young Scientists in the Humanities and Social Sciences "Languages and Meanings" (October 25-27, 2022, Novosibirsk) and became a continuation of two previous events on this topic . The previous similar discussion was organized in the format of a round table "Semantics vs Pragmatics" within the framework of the International Scientific Conference "uAnalyticon-2022: Abstract Objects" (May 13-14, 2022, Yekaterinburg). The initiator was O.A. Kozyreva, and her main opponent - E.V. Borisov.

The article discusses the relationship between semantics and pragmatics of natural languages. The idea that we have to modify D. Kaplan’s semantics for dealing with indexicals and demonstratives is presented; an objection to this idea based on the unnecessary character of such semantic modification because we can explain the controversial cases by appealing to pragmatics is considered. The author argues that the attempts to pragmatize semantics are based on the idea that semantics is subordinated to the goal of explaining language communication.

In the paper under discussion, O.A. Kozyreva claims that D. Kaplan’s semantics of indexicals needs a modification because it cannot explain some controversial cases of communication. She also argues that the needed modification of Kaplan’s semantics entails a revision of the distinction between semantics and pragmatics. The author objects to the first claim, which also calls into question the second one. His objection is that Kaplan’s semantics supplemented by some pragmatic ideas successfully explains “controversial” cases of communication.

In their articles on the distinction between semantics and pragmatics of natural language, O.A. Kozyreva and E.V. Borisov present polar opinions. There is also an intermediate position (it is defended, in particular, by J. Perry), according to which there are reasons to maintain the distinction between semantics and pragmatics, but the number and set of semantically significant context factors can be radically expanded by including factors such as language. Therefore, the concept of semantic meaning is also expanded; it is proposed to be defined as a set of propositions and propositional functions that express the conditions for the statement truth, depending on the context. The article presents arguments in favor of such a position.

The article considers the application of the “semantics with an agent” and “semantics without an agent” proposed by O.A. Kozyreva to mathematical sentences. If it is possible to prove that mathematical sentences are context-dependent, these sentences will need semantic interpretation along with other context-dependent sentences. The author presents an interpretation of mathematical sentences as context-dependent by appealing to the epistemic contextualism and the epistemology of computer proof. Based on this interpretation, he argues that the understanding of semantics as “semantics with an agent” is compatible with the thesis of context dependence of mathematical sentences, while the understanding of semantics as “semantics without an agent” will require additional formalization of pragmatic factors to achieve compatibility with such sentences.

The article presents the author’s comments on the remarks of the discussants and her answers to some of their criticisms.