K.B. Moiseenko1, A.V. Vasileva1, A.I. Skorokhod1, Yu.A. Shtabkin1, I.B. Belikov1, A.Yu. Repin2 1A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2E.K. Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric boundary layer, ozone generation, peroxy radical, volatile organic compound, ZOTTO Tower
The rates of ozone production ( P ) and sink ( L ) and total peroxide (OX) content are assessed with the use of the photostationary state approach from measurements of ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2) at Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO), central Siberia, in 2007-2014. Mean diurnal cycles of the above quantities for May - September cloud-free days peak at 6 ppb/hour ( P ), 1.4 ppb/hour ( L ), and 115 ppb ([OX]) between 11:00 and 15:00 local time. The linear dependence of P on [NOx] is derived in the range of measured NOx mixing ratios from 0.2-0.8 ppb, suggesting for NOx-limiting conditions of ozone production, with the slope rate P (O3)/[NOx] estimated at 13 (ppb/h)/ppb. The estimated high OX levels along with the condition P >> L manifest for high rates of the in-situ oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds and ozone generation. The surface air layer in boreal forest around the site can be considered an ozone source for the atmospheric boundary layer over remote central Siberia at NOx levels characteristic for both weakly polluted and clean (background) air masses.
A.P. Luzhetskaya1, E.S. Nagovitsyna1,2, E.V. Omelkova1, V.A. Poddubny1 1Institute of Industrial Ecology Ural branch of RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia 2Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: mass concentration of aerosol particles РМ2.5, aerosol optical depth, monitoring of the atmosphere, empirical statistical model, regression analysis
Measurements of aerosol parameters in the surface air layer with sets of Panasonic PM2.5 optical sensors and throughout the atmospheric column by the photometric method at urban and background observation sites in the Middle Urals for 2016-2019 are analyzed. The features of the intraannual and diurnal variations in aerosol parameters in the surface air layer and in the atmospheric column are compared. Correlations between the PM2.5 concentration, AOD, and meteorological parameters in the two regions are also studied. Multivariate regression models for estimating the logarithm of PM2.5 concentration ensure much higher quality than single-factor models. The significant predictors are determined: boundary layer height (blh, m), ln AOD, normalized relative vegetation index (NDVI), relative air humidity (Hu, %), and air pressure ( P , Pa).
V.I. Mankovskiy
Marine Hydrophysical Institute National Academy of the RAS, Sevastopol, Russia
Keywords: light scattering phase function, asymmetry coefficient, particle scattering, molecular scattering, wavelength, spectral variability
Data on the spectral variability of the coefficient of asymmetry of the light scattering phase function in the water of Lake Baikal obtained by Tarashchansky B.A. et al. in the work “Methods and Results of Monitoring the Optical Characteristics of the Water Environment of the Baikal Neutrino Telescope, Carried out by a Stationary Deep-Sea Device ASP-15” are analyzed. It is shown that these data contradict the theoretical and experimental results. The model calculation of the spectral variability of the coefficient of asymmetry of the light scattering phase function in the waters of Lake Baikal has been performed.
L.A. Bolbasova, V.P. Lukin
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: laser guide star, adaptive optics, atmospheric turbulence
The work is devoted to the application of laser guide stars (LGS) technology for the adaptive optics system of a ground-based telescope. The results of the study of the possibilities of correcting the global wavefront tilt with the use of LGS are presented. To approaches are compared: polychromatic LGS, where the correction signal is a difference random refraction due to the atmosphere for different optical radiation wavelengths, and traditional monochromatic LGS, where an LGS is considered as a point source with a random center. The calculations were performed in the approximation of the Huygens-Fresnel method. It is shown that in this approximation, the signal from a monostatic monochromatic LGS used to correct the global wavefront tilt is comparable to the signal from a polychromatic LGS. Seasonal changes in the concentration and altitude of the mesospheric sodium layer, which determines the characteristics of sodium LGS, are estimated for Russian observatories.
D.M. Ezhov1, D.M. Lubenko2, A.A. Mamrashev3, Yu.M. Andreev1,4 1National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 2High Current Electronics Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia 3Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: nonlinear crystal, lithium triborate, THz range, temperature dependence, refractive index, difference frequency generation, birefringence
Using nonlinear LBO crystals of 30 × 30 × 10 mm3 in size, the spectral-temperature dependences of refractive indices in the long-wavelength part of the THz range 0.05-0.5 THz are obtained by means of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy under heating from 20 to 200 °C. Intersection of spectral dependences of the refractive index components nx and ny at ~ 84 °C is found. The results can be used for selection of types and phase-matching conditions for frequency conversion into long-wavelength part of the THz range, which is prospective for monitoring the gas composition of the atmosphere due to weak influence of the aerosol attenuation.
The article analyzes the category of tendency and its relation with the category of development. The reasons for the increase of scientists’ attention to the problems of identifying and describing tendencies are explained. The most popular types of tendencies in modern science are considered. When searching for an adequate definition of the category of tendency, the experience of modern natural and social sciences is summarized. The conclusion about the fundamental methodological importance of the category of tendency in scientific knowledge is substantiated.
The article presents a brief history of the formation of the reflexive project in the sociology of scientific knowledge and the rise of the concept of “new literary forms”. It also considers why reflexivity becomes one of the key concepts of discourse analysis in the work of J. Potter. The methodological aspects of discourse analysis and the mistakes that researchers make when analyzing are described. It is shown that discourse analysis implies the analyst’s “struggle” with his or her own interpretations, which makes discourse analysis a reflective practice.
Anna Yurievna Storozhuk
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Nikolaev st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: scientific revolution, collective work, social epistemology, historicism
The article considers the main provisions of the theory of the structure of scientific revolutions and its influence on the further development of philosophy. It is shown that Kuhn’s work caused a great surge of interest in the study of scientific practice among social philosophers, culturologists and historians, which led to the development of social epistemology. The philosophical result of the development of the theory of scientific revolutions was an attempt to defend the position of realism and truth in order to maintain the approach of scientific rationality.
Vitaliy Valentinovich Tselishchev
Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Nikolaev st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: analytical philosophy, logicism, Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, Ramsey, history of philosophy
In the article provides an overview the history of the emergence of analytical philosophy. It is shown that among the numerous works devoted to this topic, M. Potter's book "The Rise of Analytical Philosophy 1879-1930: from Frege to Russell" (2019) occupies a special place, both in terms of assessing the contribution of the "founding fathers" and in the manner of presentation. In particular, J. fell out of the traditional four. Moore, whose place was taken by F. Ramsay. Further, the traditional description of the philosopher's achievements, followed by criticism, gave way to a list of key moments in his work, which take the form of an "internal history", the history of searches, finds, mistakes, omissions, inconsistencies and doubts of philosophers. The new story presented by Potter gives a radically different picture of the rise of a new philosophical tradition compared to the traditional one.
