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A model of an optical communication atmospheric channel on scattered radiation between the ground surface and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is considered. Changes in the useful signal attenuation, the minimum energy per source pulse providing the stable link, and the maximum information transfer rate versus the optical and geometrical conditions of forming the communication channel are estimated. Based on the results, recommendations are formulated for the choice of optimal schemes of optical communication systems on scattered radiation with UAV.

The paper presents the results of a statistical generalization of the microphysical characteristics and ionic composition of the aerosol in the atmosphere of the White Sea obtained during the expeditions of 2003-2021. Based on the recalculation of the measurement results using a uniform data filtering algorithm, the total number concentration of particles with a radius of 0.2-5 μm, the volumes of particles of fine and coarse dispersed drive aerosol with a radius of less than and more than 0.5 μm, the distribution function of particles by volume are considered, mass concentrations in the composition were estimated aerosol of eight water-soluble ions Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, Cl^-, and SO₄^2-. Spatial inhomogeneities and causes of anomalously high concentrations and ionic composition of the aerosol are analyzed.

A pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (PCDL) developed at the Wave Propagation Laboratory of Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (LRV lidar) was tested in two experiments carried out in 2021 at the Basic Experimental Observatory of Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS and on the coast of Lake Baikal. In those experiments, a serial Stream Line PCDL (HALO Photonics, Great Britain) was also involved. The comparative analysis of estimates of the average horizontal and vertical wind speeds from measurements with Stream Line and LRV lidars showed a good agreement between the results (the correlation coefficient of the estimates is 0.98 with a 30-minute averaging of the data).

The results of atmospheric studies of a possibility of compensating for the beam deviation from a direction specified by means of shifting the energy center of gravity of the optical image of the beam scattering volume are presented. The experiments were carried out with collimated and focused beams. The image of the laser spot on the scattering atmospheric layer was recorded by an array detector located in the sharp-image plane of a telescope. The laser beam propagation direction was controlled with a rotary mirror. It is shown that the beam deviation can be compensated for accurate to several microradians.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of age transformation of the teaching staff of universities during the modernization of the higher education system. The revealed trends in the transformation of the age structure of teachers indicate a gradual “aging” of the teaching staff, which cannot be assessed as an unambiguously negative process, since in a certain sense it determines the continuity between generations of teachers and provides the necessary level of quality of training of specialists. The analysis of the dynamics of the age structure of teachers differentiated by various professional qualification segments reflects a slight shift in the career trajectories of university teachers towards an increase in age. An assessment of the risks and prospects for the development of the personnel potential of universities is given.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities and problems of the introduction and use of lean manufacturing and quality management technologies at Russian defense enterprises. The general concept of quality management systems (QMS) and lean manufacturing management systems (LMMS) is given, the domestic practice of implementing and applying these systems at defense industry enterprises is considered, the main tools of the systems are investigated, problems of implementation are identified, the specifics of personnel training in lean manufacturing and quality management technologies are considered, the issues of standardization and certification of these technologies are studied.

The article discusses the main approaches of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), a regional trade bloc created to support the sustainable economic growth of the countries of the region, towards establishing regional and interregional trade cooperation, including through conclusion of trade agreements. The article describes the network of existing EAEU’s trade agreements and formulates proposals for further development of trade relations. The article concludes that the Eurasian integration represents a necessary condition for further strengthening of interregional trade and economic ties of the EAEU.

The article deals with the creation of new products in the field of educational services. The focus is on the main issues that must be resolved before the decision to produce an educational product is made. The model of developing a market value is considered in detail, on the basis of which the tasks of prototyping a product, implementing a market sample and developing a marketing program to promote a product in the target market are solved. Mastering the competencies of building a value proposition for an educational product in the format of a training course or other educational resource opens the way to the correct solution of a large and complex task of organizing an educational business in various fields of knowledge.

We study a homogeneous model of interregional trade under monopolistic competition of producers with additively separable utility and linear production costs. The mass of firms (“the length of the product line”) is determined endogenously, from conditions of free entry. We obtain the local comparative statics of the market equilibrium with respect to transport costs of “iceberg types”. Particular attention is paid to situations of free trade and autarky. We establish the following counter-intuitive result: under high transport costs, trade liberalization can decrease public welfare.

The relevance of the study is due to the global trends in the formation of a knowledge economy focused on the actively developing core of high-tech industries of industrial production, as well as knowledge-intensive and innovative-active sectors of the economy associated with their development in the context of changing technological and world economic structures. The sources of the strategic post-crisis spatio-temporal evolution of this core in the United States, which form a set of effects that positively affect economic growth, are cognizable by assessing the dynamic development of high-tech industries in the period 2011-2020, are the key areas of reindustrialization that have replaced the deindustrial-globalist paradigm of development. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate various sources of growth in high-tech economic activities that form the material basis for the reindustrialization of the United States (sources of industrial growth) and, associated with them, the territorial distribution of high-tech sectors of the American economy. The methodological tools used in this paper, based on the indicator of company revenue in its ten-year dynamics, made it possible to fully or partially confirm a number of research hypotheses put forward about the advantages of high-tech industries of the American economy in the structure of US economic growth over the past decade. The identified sources of growth, analyzed in the dynamics of the revenue of American high-tech companies and the territorial differentiation of the US geo-economic and geo-innovation space, to a certain extent, are reflected in the strategic measures implemented by the government and large businesses in the field of stimulating the development of relevant industries based on NBIC technologies and digital transformation.